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Summary: M. Flacius Illyricus issued this edition of Luther's letters from Coburg Castle to the theologians at the Diet of Augsburg in an attempt to strengthen the Protestant resolve during the Interim. Intended for the widest possible distribution, both German and Latin versions were provided.

Summary: M. Flacius Illyricus issued this edition of Luther's letters from Coburg Castle to the theologians at the Diet of Augsburg in an attempt to strengthen the Protestant resolve during the Interim. Intended for the widest possible distribution, both German and Latin versions were provided.

Summary: After Albrecht, Duke of Prussia and last of the Masters of the Teutonic Knights, became a Protestant, he sought out preachers to fill the pulpits in his territory. Some were Lutherans, others were followers of Schwenckfeld. Luther here warns Albrecht about the heretical tendencies of the Schwenckfelders. Albrecht came increasingly under the influence of F. Von Heideck (a Schwenckfelder) and was not especially impressed by Luther's arguments against the use of John 6 in the interpretation of the Lord's Supper.

Summary: After Albrecht, Duke of Prussia and last of the Masters of the Teutonic Knights, became a Protestant, he sought out preachers to fill the pulpits in his territory. Some were Lutherans, others were followers of Schwenckfeld. Luther here warns Albrecht about the heretical tendencies of the Schwenckfelders. Albrecht came increasingly under the influence of F. Von Heideck (a Schwenckfelder) and was not especially impressed by Luther's arguments against the use of John 6 in the interpretation of the Lord's Supper.

Summary: Compilation of three anti-Catholic tracts by the Lutheran theologians and composer of hymns Nicolaus Selneccer.

Summary: Compilation of three anti-Catholic tracts by the Lutheran theologians and composer of hymns Nicolaus Selneccer.

Summary: This is the summer Section of Luther's postils, as edited by S. Roth. Luther was not at all pleased with Roth's slip-shod editing. Roth took sermons from whatever sources were available, including from other people (notably Bugenhagen) when copies of Luther sermons could not be found. He also conflicted some sermons, condensed others, and rewrote several.

Summary: This is the summer Section of Luther's postils, as edited by S. Roth. Luther was not at all pleased with Roth's slip-shod editing. Roth took sermons from whatever sources were available, including from other people (notably Bugenhagen) when copies of Luther sermons could not be found. He also conflicted some sermons, condensed others, and rewrote several.

Summary: Luther certainly had his problems with printers, as this edition of his "Winter Postil" testifies. Michael Lotter issued this new edition without Luther's approval. The editors took great labors, but found no favor in Wittenberg, and this edition was never reprinted.

Summary: Luther certainly had his problems with printers, as this edition of his "Winter Postil" testifies. Michael Lotter issued this new edition without Luther's approval. The editors took great labors, but found no favor in Wittenberg, and this edition was never reprinted.

Summary: This is the second printing of Luther's Lenten Postils separate from other sermon collections. Kohl of Regensburg had issued the first printing the previous year. Of interest is the large initial on page a3a.

Summary: This is the second printing of Luther's Lenten Postils separate from other sermon collections. Kohl of Regensburg had issued the first printing the previous year. Of interest is the large initial on page a3a.

Summary: Johannes Brenz had written the first Protestant catechism in 1527, two years before Luther issued his large and small catechisms. This is a 1552 printing of the work.

Summary: Johannes Brenz had written the first Protestant catechism in 1527, two years before Luther issued his large and small catechisms. This is a 1552 printing of the work.

Summary: Rhegius was a Reformer, active throughout Germany promoting Lutheran unity in the Holy Roman Empire. In 1530 at the Diet of Augsburg he was befriended by Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, under whose patronage he returned to Brunswick where he wrote the present work for Ernest's son, Francis Otto (1530-1559). Like many 16th c. catechisms, Rhegius' is in the form of a dialogue, in this instance between the teacher and the pupil (paedagogus et discipulus).

Summary: Rhegius was a Reformer, active throughout Germany promoting Lutheran unity in the Holy Roman Empire. In 1530 at the Diet of Augsburg he was befriended by Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, under whose patronage he returned to Brunswick where he wrote the present work for Ernest's son, Francis Otto (1530-1559). Like many 16th c. catechisms, Rhegius' is in the form of a dialogue, in this instance between the teacher and the pupil (paedagogus et discipulus).

Summary: Third printing of the Ansbach Catechism by Andreas Althamer and Johannes Rurer, commissioned by Margrave Georg of Brandenburg. It has been called the first regional catechism of the Protestant movement. It contains 92 questions and answers as well as an appendix with 18 prayers.

Summary: Third printing of the Ansbach Catechism by Andreas Althamer and Johannes Rurer, commissioned by Margrave Georg of Brandenburg. It has been called the first regional catechism of the Protestant movement. It contains 92 questions and answers as well as an appendix with 18 prayers.

Summary: Summary-style Lutheran catechism by Sebald Heyden, a humanist scholar and educator in Nuremberg. He was well known as a poet and composer of hymns and his book "De arte candendi" (On the art of singing) had a significant impact on the study and teaching of music.

Summary: Summary-style Lutheran catechism by Sebald Heyden, a humanist scholar and educator in Nuremberg. He was well known as a poet and composer of hymns and his book "De arte candendi" (On the art of singing) had a significant impact on the study and teaching of music.

Summary: Lecture delivered to the faculty and students of the University of Wittenberg on "the perils of these times" by Kaspar Peucer, Philipp Melanchthon's son-in-law. The perils to which he refers are the military threat of the Turks to the east, and the plague.

Summary: Lecture delivered to the faculty and students of the University of Wittenberg on "the perils of these times" by Kaspar Peucer, Philipp Melanchthon's son-in-law. The perils to which he refers are the military threat of the Turks to the east, and the plague.

Summary: This is a fine, well-preserved copy of a sixteenth century edition of the "Confessio Augustana and Melanchthon's Apology."

Summary: This is a fine, well-preserved copy of a sixteenth century edition of the "Confessio Augustana and Melanchthon's Apology."

Summary: A 1553 printing of the Württemberg Confession, commissioned by Duke Christoph, drafted by Johannes Brenz in 1551 and signed by other Swabian theologians to be presented at the council of Trent in 1552.

Summary: A 1553 printing of the Württemberg Confession, commissioned by Duke Christoph, drafted by Johannes Brenz in 1551 and signed by other Swabian theologians to be presented at the council of Trent in 1552.

Summary: Second printing of the first edition of a tract listing 91 errors in three sermons by Martin Luther.

Summary: Second printing of the first edition of a tract listing 91 errors in three sermons by Martin Luther.

Summary: Response by Mathias Flacius Illyricus, among the strictest of the Lutheran theologians of his time, to the views of the early Reformer of Nürnberg, Andreas Osiander, on Justification. Osiander emphasized the believer's being made righteous, as opposed to being declared righteous through Christ. Flacius reports on the title page that he had shared his views on this issue privately in writing with friends, but that they had been published without his permission and in a form unacceptable to him. This edition represents the official response by Flacius.

Summary: Response by Mathias Flacius Illyricus, among the strictest of the Lutheran theologians of his time, to the views of the early Reformer of Nürnberg, Andreas Osiander, on Justification. Osiander emphasized the believer's being made righteous, as opposed to being declared righteous through Christ. Flacius reports on the title page that he had shared his views on this issue privately in writing with friends, but that they had been published without his permission and in a form unacceptable to him. This edition represents the official response by Flacius.

Summary: First edition of the second Latin translation of Luther's Large Catechism, published earlier the same year. This translation was done Vincentius Opsopäus (Vinzenz Heidecker). Issued with it is the first Latin edition of Johann Brenz's catechism, first published in German in 1528 under the title "Fragstuck des christlichen Glaube[n]s für die Jugend zu Schwebische[n] Hall]."

Summary: First edition of the second Latin translation of Luther's Large Catechism, published earlier the same year. This translation was done Vincentius Opsopäus (Vinzenz Heidecker). Issued with it is the first Latin edition of Johann Brenz's catechism, first published in German in 1528 under the title "Fragstuck des christlichen Glaube[n]s für die Jugend zu Schwebische[n] Hall]."

Summary: The sermons on which this commentary on the Ten Commandments is based were delivered in Wittenberg in 1516-1517. This is the first work of Luther's to be translated into a modern European language. This is the first printing of the work.

Summary: The sermons on which this commentary on the Ten Commandments is based were delivered in Wittenberg in 1516-1517. This is the first work of Luther's to be translated into a modern European language. This is the first printing of the work.

Summary: One of at least 11 printings produced in 1530 of the Schwabach Articles, 17 articles of faith composed by Luther 1529 in Schwabach. It became one of the foundational documents for the Augsburg Confession.Bound in modern dark green morocco, bordered, blind- and gilt-tooled, with inside dentelles, gold spine title, and gilt edges. Upper board scratched.

Summary: One of at least 11 printings produced in 1530 of the Schwabach Articles, 17 articles of faith composed by Luther 1529 in Schwabach. It became one of the foundational documents for the Augsburg Confession.Bound in modern dark green morocco, bordered, blind- and gilt-tooled, with inside dentelles, gold spine title, and gilt edges. Upper board scratched.

Summary: Luther wrote his "Formula of the Mass and Communion" in 1523 at the insistence of N. Hausmann, the preacher at the Marienkirche, in Zwickau. Hausmann then wanted a German version to be used in his church. P. Speratus supplied one, and an unnamed Nuremberg translator supplied another. This is that Nuremberg work's first printing.

Summary: Luther wrote his "Formula of the Mass and Communion" in 1523 at the insistence of N. Hausmann, the preacher at the Marienkirche, in Zwickau. Hausmann then wanted a German version to be used in his church. P. Speratus supplied one, and an unnamed Nuremberg translator supplied another. This is that Nuremberg work's first printing.

Summary: Third printing of a sermon by Martin Luther contrasting the respective powers of Christ and Herod, whereby the latter is associated with papal authority.

Summary: Third printing of a sermon by Martin Luther contrasting the respective powers of Christ and Herod, whereby the latter is associated with papal authority.

Summary: A 1565 printing of Luther's Small Catechism.

Summary: A 1565 printing of Luther's Small Catechism.

Summary: Second illustrated edition of Valentin Babst's publication of Luther's small catechism.

Summary: Second illustrated edition of Valentin Babst's publication of Luther's small catechism.

Summary: In 1521, Melanchthon wrote the first Protestant dogmatics, the "Loci Communes." Eck countered in 1525 with his "handbook on Theological Topics". Possibly the most widely reprinted Catholic critique of Lutheran doctrine (Metzler lists 91 contemporary editions). Eck uses the same topical procedure and cites the Bible, Church Fathers, Councils, and Popes heavily in the presentation of his arguments.

Summary: In 1521, Melanchthon wrote the first Protestant dogmatics, the "Loci Communes." Eck countered in 1525 with his "handbook on Theological Topics". Possibly the most widely reprinted Catholic critique of Lutheran doctrine (Metzler lists 91 contemporary editions). Eck uses the same topical procedure and cites the Bible, Church Fathers, Councils, and Popes heavily in the presentation of his arguments.

Summary: This pamphlet contains two letters on Lutheranism by converts to Catholicism. Witzel's publication of Haner's letter led to the latter's expulsion from the city of Nuremberg.

Summary: This pamphlet contains two letters on Lutheranism by converts to Catholicism. Witzel's publication of Haner's letter led to the latter's expulsion from the city of Nuremberg.

Summary: Summary of the transactions of teh Colloquy of Maulbronn, a council involving theologians from Lutheran Würtemberg and the Reformed (Zwinglian) Palatinate. The main point of debate was the presence of Christ in the Eucharist.

Summary: Summary of the transactions of teh Colloquy of Maulbronn, a council involving theologians from Lutheran Würtemberg and the Reformed (Zwinglian) Palatinate. The main point of debate was the presence of Christ in the Eucharist.

Summary: Text in German includes Luther's translations from Latin of several Psalms from the Hebrew O.T., and the Epistle to Titus from the Greek N.T.

Summary: Text in German includes Luther's translations from Latin of several Psalms from the Hebrew O.T., and the Epistle to Titus from the Greek N.T.

Summary: Joseph Klug printed the first collection of hymns that Luther prepared specifically for congregational use in Wittenberg in 1529. It followed the church year closely and was revised and reprinted several times. The renowned hymnal printed by Valentin Bapst (Geystlicher Lieder'; Leipzig, 1545) may be seen as a later edition of the Klug hymnal. (Robin Leaver, "Hymnals," in 'The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation' (1996) 2:286-89.)

Summary: Joseph Klug printed the first collection of hymns that Luther prepared specifically for congregational use in Wittenberg in 1529. It followed the church year closely and was revised and reprinted several times. The renowned hymnal printed by Valentin Bapst (Geystlicher Lieder'; Leipzig, 1545) may be seen as a later edition of the Klug hymnal. (Robin Leaver, "Hymnals," in 'The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation' (1996) 2:286-89.)

Summary: This is an early Italian response to Martin Luther, attacking the schismatic monk on his own terms, in the vernacular for the benefit of laymen or simplici, as advertised on the title-page. The work is quite broad in its criticism and aims to refute not only Luther and his followers, but all heretics and even Jews.

Summary: This is an early Italian response to Martin Luther, attacking the schismatic monk on his own terms, in the vernacular for the benefit of laymen or simplici, as advertised on the title-page. The work is quite broad in its criticism and aims to refute not only Luther and his followers, but all heretics and even Jews.

Summary: First printing of the first edition of a pamphlet by Johann Eck in support of Hieronymus Emser, a theologian in Leipzig and one of Luther's most vehement early opponents.

Summary: First printing of the first edition of a pamphlet by Johann Eck in support of Hieronymus Emser, a theologian in Leipzig and one of Luther's most vehement early opponents.

Summary: Formal opinion of Siegfried Saccus, schoolmaster at Magdeburg and later its first Lutheran cathedral preacher, concerning the right of the city government to appoint clergy. As a follower of the strict Lutheran Nicholas von Amsdorff, he steered a careful path between the views of the local Catholic hierarchy on the one hand, and those of the Münster Anabaptists, on the other. Although Magdeburg became a refuge of the strict Lutheran party following the Schmalkald War, the city council was late in making an official decision for or against the Reformation.

Summary: Formal opinion of Siegfried Saccus, schoolmaster at Magdeburg and later its first Lutheran cathedral preacher, concerning the right of the city government to appoint clergy. As a follower of the strict Lutheran Nicholas von Amsdorff, he steered a careful path between the views of the local Catholic hierarchy on the one hand, and those of the Münster Anabaptists, on the other. Although Magdeburg became a refuge of the strict Lutheran party following the Schmalkald War, the city council was late in making an official decision for or against the Reformation.

Summary: A 1525 printing of this most famous of all Melanchthon's theological works, first published in Wittenberg in 1521. The Loci Communes represent the most comrehensive systematic theology of the Lutheran reformation. Melanchthon continued to revise this work throughout his life.

Summary: A 1525 printing of this most famous of all Melanchthon's theological works, first published in Wittenberg in 1521. The Loci Communes represent the most comrehensive systematic theology of the Lutheran reformation. Melanchthon continued to revise this work throughout his life.

Summary: Collection of sermons on various topics by the Lutheran preacher Caspar Huberinus.

Summary: Collection of sermons on various topics by the Lutheran preacher Caspar Huberinus.

Summary: Popular doctrinal theology by the Lutheran reformer Johann Spangenberg, based on Melanchthon's Loci Communes, and written for use by pastors and ministers. The work was first published in 1540 and was re-issued and translated numerous times.

Summary: Popular doctrinal theology by the Lutheran reformer Johann Spangenberg, based on Melanchthon's Loci Communes, and written for use by pastors and ministers. The work was first published in 1540 and was re-issued and translated numerous times.

Summary: Early guidance by Luther on how a Christian ought to approach and receive the Lord's Supper. Includes the Words of Institution, the Aaronic Benediction, and a series of questions that ought to be put to everyone wishing to receive the Sacrament, with appropriate answers.

Summary: Early guidance by Luther on how a Christian ought to approach and receive the Lord's Supper. Includes the Words of Institution, the Aaronic Benediction, and a series of questions that ought to be put to everyone wishing to receive the Sacrament, with appropriate answers.

Summary: Melanchthon's "Handtbuchlein" is among the first attempts at a Protestant catechism. It is a collection of selections from scripture passages, prayers, and other text intended as instruction for students in German schools. Noteworthy are the "Seven Wise Saying" derived from Periander by Erasmus.

Summary: Melanchthon's "Handtbuchlein" is among the first attempts at a Protestant catechism. It is a collection of selections from scripture passages, prayers, and other text intended as instruction for students in German schools. Noteworthy are the "Seven Wise Saying" derived from Periander by Erasmus.

Summary: Part one of Luther's collected sermons on the historical Epistles and Gospels of the Church year, as edited by Martin Bucer, the Reformer of Strasbourg. Bound with part two. Six volumes, in all, were issued, with the last appearing in 1527.

Summary: Part one of Luther's collected sermons on the historical Epistles and Gospels of the Church year, as edited by Martin Bucer, the Reformer of Strasbourg. Bound with part two. Six volumes, in all, were issued, with the last appearing in 1527.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: Choir book, edited by the Lutheran theologian Georg Major (Meier). The work opens with biblical canticles and Psalms of praise, followed by various hymns, prayers and litanies.

Summary: Choir book, edited by the Lutheran theologian Georg Major (Meier). The work opens with biblical canticles and Psalms of praise, followed by various hymns, prayers and litanies.

Summary: Collection of documents issued by theologians in the Duchy of Württemberg and Victorinus Strigel concerning Strigel's Psalms commentary and his position in the synergistic controversy. Strigel supported the Philippist position that human will contributes to salvation, an idea that was rejected by the gnesio-Lutherans and by most of the theologians in Württemberg.

Summary: Collection of documents issued by theologians in the Duchy of Württemberg and Victorinus Strigel concerning Strigel's Psalms commentary and his position in the synergistic controversy. Strigel supported the Philippist position that human will contributes to salvation, an idea that was rejected by the gnesio-Lutherans and by most of the theologians in Württemberg.

Summary: Response singed by 30 gnesio-Luther theologians, who had been expelled from the city of Jena.

Summary: Response singed by 30 gnesio-Luther theologians, who had been expelled from the city of Jena.

Summary: Part two of Luther's collected sermons on the historical Epistles and Gospels of the Church year. Bound with part one. Six volumes, in all, were issued, with the last appearing in 1527.

Summary: Part two of Luther's collected sermons on the historical Epistles and Gospels of the Church year. Bound with part one. Six volumes, in all, were issued, with the last appearing in 1527.

Summary: This is Luther's reinstatement of the Litany of "All Saints", containing both the musical notation and German text of the antiphons.

Summary: This is Luther's reinstatement of the Litany of "All Saints", containing both the musical notation and German text of the antiphons.

Summary: In this piece, Melanchthon sharply attacks the major Anabaptist theological points. This is the second printing of the tract.

Summary: In this piece, Melanchthon sharply attacks the major Anabaptist theological points. This is the second printing of the tract.

Summary: Luther wrote this "Exhortation to the sacraments" during his stay at Coburg Castle in 1530, during the Diet of Augsburg.

Summary: Luther wrote this "Exhortation to the sacraments" during his stay at Coburg Castle in 1530, during the Diet of Augsburg.

Summary: Defense of Catholic worship and priestly offices by Paul Bachmann, Abbot of Altzelle, a vehement opponent of Martin Luther.

Summary: Defense of Catholic worship and priestly offices by Paul Bachmann, Abbot of Altzelle, a vehement opponent of Martin Luther.

When Luther returned from Wartburg Castle, he preached a series of Eight Sermons in an attempt to restore order in Wittenberg. This tract epitomizes the contents of these sermons.

When Luther returned from Wartburg Castle, he preached a series of Eight Sermons in an attempt to restore order in Wittenberg. This tract epitomizes the contents of these sermons.

Summary: The term "Evangelical Mass" was coined by the Lutherans as their attempt to shop that it was they and not the Catholics who were the preservers of the true tradition of the Lord's Supper. Bugenhagen was, next to Melanchthon, Luther's closest ally in the Protestant struggle. This tract indicates which attributes the Lutherans believed to be necessary for worthy reception of the Lord's Supper.

Summary: The term "Evangelical Mass" was coined by the Lutherans as their attempt to shop that it was they and not the Catholics who were the preservers of the true tradition of the Lord's Supper. Bugenhagen was, next to Melanchthon, Luther's closest ally in the Protestant struggle. This tract indicates which attributes the Lutherans believed to be necessary for worthy reception of the Lord's Supper.

Summary: Translation into German by M. Reinhard of Luther's Latin work: "De instituendis ministris ecclesiae." The attribution of the translation to M. Reinhard is questioned.

Summary: Translation into German by M. Reinhard of Luther's Latin work: "De instituendis ministris ecclesiae." The attribution of the translation to M. Reinhard is questioned.