Search

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: A dialogue on predestination.

Summary: A dialogue on predestination.

Summary: A funeral sermon delivered by Taylor Thomas in honor of John Wesley.

Summary: A funeral sermon delivered by Taylor Thomas in honor of John Wesley.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: From 1766 to 1792

Summary: From 1766 to 1792

Summary: From 1816 to 1828

Summary: From 1816 to 1828

Summary: From 1793 to 1816

Summary: From 1793 to 1816

Summary: History of the Methodist Episcopal Church from the year 1793 to the year 1816.

Summary: History of the Methodist Episcopal Church from the year 1793 to the year 1816.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: "This sixteen-page pamphlet includes two 1744 letters from James Habersham to Whitefield relating to the Bethesda (house of mercy) Orphan House ... [providing] details on the spiritual and temporal condition of the orphanage."

Summary: "This sixteen-page pamphlet includes two 1744 letters from James Habersham to Whitefield relating to the Bethesda (house of mercy) Orphan House ... [providing] details on the spiritual and temporal condition of the orphanage."

Summary: A published letter by John Wesley urging understanding and mutual respect between Protestants and Catholics.

Summary: A published letter by John Wesley urging understanding and mutual respect between Protestants and Catholics.

Summary:

Summary:

An account of the mission work of John Marrant amongst the Cherokee.

An account of the mission work of John Marrant amongst the Cherokee.

Summary: An autobiography of James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw.

Summary: An autobiography of James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: An extract from a work by William Law on the nature of man, perfection, and revelation through Christ.

Summary: An extract from a work by William Law on the nature of man, perfection, and revelation through Christ.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: "According to Whitefield’s wishes, his long-time friend and fellow founder of Methodism, John Wesley, preached this funeral sermon at both of Whitefield’s London chapels. While Whitefield’s Calvinist colleagues understandably objected to Wesley’s omission of his Calvinism, it was nonetheless a heartfelt tribute to his dear friend and fellow evangelist.

Summary: "According to Whitefield’s wishes, his long-time friend and fellow founder of Methodism, John Wesley, preached this funeral sermon at both of Whitefield’s London chapels. While Whitefield’s Calvinist colleagues understandably objected to Wesley’s omission of his Calvinism, it was nonetheless a heartfelt tribute to his dear friend and fellow evangelist.

Summary: A sermon on Ephesians V, 14.

Summary: A sermon on Ephesians V, 14.

Summary: A sermon delivered by W. Hobrow in honor of John Wesley.

Summary: A sermon delivered by W. Hobrow in honor of John Wesley.

Summary: A sermon delivered by Henry Moore in honor of John Wesley.

Summary: A sermon delivered by Henry Moore in honor of John Wesley.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: An account of the death of Mrs. Hannah Richardson.

Summary: An account of the death of Mrs. Hannah Richardson.

Summary: "Whitefield’s letter replies to an anonymous pamphlet that was critical of the revival in New England, questioning its authenticity and labelling it fanatical."

Summary: "Whitefield’s letter replies to an anonymous pamphlet that was critical of the revival in New England, questioning its authenticity and labelling it fanatical."

An engraving of a framed image of Adam naming animals as detailed in Genesis 2:20. The framed image sits above a plinth with the inscription: "And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field:". Above the framed image are symbols of the Old and New Testaments, including the tablets of the Ten Commandments, a Sefer Torah, a Cross, and a crown of thorns flanking a glowing star shape potentially representing the Holy Spirit. The entire composition is surrounded by floral decorations held aloft by three birds.

An engraving of a framed image of Adam naming animals as detailed in Genesis 2:20. The framed image sits above a plinth with the inscription: "And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field:". Above the framed image are symbols of the Old and New Testaments, including the tablets of the Ten Commandments, a Sefer Torah, a Cross, and a crown of thorns flanking a glowing star shape potentially representing the Holy Spirit. The entire composition is surrounded by floral decorations held aloft by three birds.

Summary: Written by Mary Fletcher about her adopted daughter, this book is open to her description of Sarah Lawrance's preaching: "Her method was, after singing and prayer, to read some life, experience, or some awakening author, stopping now and then, to explain and apply it as the Lord gave her utterance."

Summary: Written by Mary Fletcher about her adopted daughter, this book is open to her description of Sarah Lawrance's preaching: "Her method was, after singing and prayer, to read some life, experience, or some awakening author, stopping now and then, to explain and apply it as the Lord gave her utterance."

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: A treatise explaining what the process of conversion is, describing its necessity, and how to identify those who may be in need of conversion.

Summary: A treatise explaining what the process of conversion is, describing its necessity, and how to identify those who may be in need of conversion.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: An elegy celebrating George Whitefield.

Summary: An elegy celebrating George Whitefield.

Summary: An abridged translation of the Imitatio Christi, originally published by Wesley in 1735.

Summary: An abridged translation of the Imitatio Christi, originally published by Wesley in 1735.

Summary: An abridged translation of the Imitatio Christi, originally published by Wesley in 1735.

Summary: An abridged translation of the Imitatio Christi, originally published by Wesley in 1735.

Summary: An abridgement of his Memoirs, edited, and with a preface, by John Wesley.

Summary: An abridgement of his Memoirs, edited, and with a preface, by John Wesley.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Shipwreck on the Bahama banks with a quotation from the Bible (Job 33:14-16, 29-30) under it.

Shipwreck on the Bahama banks with a quotation from the Bible (Job 33:14-16, 29-30) under it.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: This collection of biographies was compiled by Zachariah Taft in 1825 to record the ministry of women in the early days of Methodism, lest they "drop into oblivion." Included are the biographies of Susanna Wesley, Mary Fletcher and Sarah Lawrance. The book is opened to John Wesley�s response to Mary Fletcher's letter about women preachers. He says she has "an extraordinary call" and is to continue preaching.

Summary: This collection of biographies was compiled by Zachariah Taft in 1825 to record the ministry of women in the early days of Methodism, lest they "drop into oblivion." Included are the biographies of Susanna Wesley, Mary Fletcher and Sarah Lawrance. The book is opened to John Wesley�s response to Mary Fletcher's letter about women preachers. He says she has "an extraordinary call" and is to continue preaching.

Summary: "...a political sermon by Whitefield displaying the British Protestant patriotism and anti-Catholicism that he shared with many evangelicals."

Summary: "...a political sermon by Whitefield displaying the British Protestant patriotism and anti-Catholicism that he shared with many evangelicals."

Summary: A sermon on Philippians 3:12.

Summary: A sermon on Philippians 3:12.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: This book, which contains a dedication to Joannes Luyken de Jonge, the grandson of the author [in the form of a poem], contains 47 prints by Jan Luyken. Of the 47 prints, 46 are new; amongst these are 4 prints started by Luyken and finished by P. Sluiter (engravings for pages 77, 81, 85, and 87), who also made the title page. According to the final words of the printed title, this work was published after the death of the author. Probably is this his last work and because of illness, Luyken was prevented to finish the work completely.

Summary: This book, which contains a dedication to Joannes Luyken de Jonge, the grandson of the author [in the form of a poem], contains 47 prints by Jan Luyken. Of the 47 prints, 46 are new; amongst these are 4 prints started by Luyken and finished by P. Sluiter (engravings for pages 77, 81, 85, and 87), who also made the title page. According to the final words of the printed title, this work was published after the death of the author. Probably is this his last work and because of illness, Luyken was prevented to finish the work completely.

A study of Haiti, then the French colony of St. Domingue, introducing a complex hierarchy of racialization with the goal of establishing a caste system based on skin color.

A study of Haiti, then the French colony of St. Domingue, introducing a complex hierarchy of racialization with the goal of establishing a caste system based on skin color.

An engraved portrait of Desiderius Erasmus based on a portrait pained by Hans Holbein. The caption reads "Desid: Erasmus Roterod: Natus 1467. Den: et Sepult: Basiliae 1556. Ad Archetypum I: Holbenii in Biblioth: bupl: Basil: adservatum pictum cum annum ageret Erasmus LV."

An engraved portrait of Desiderius Erasmus based on a portrait pained by Hans Holbein. The caption reads "Desid: Erasmus Roterod: Natus 1467. Den: et Sepult: Basiliae 1556. Ad Archetypum I: Holbenii in Biblioth: bupl: Basil: adservatum pictum cum annum ageret Erasmus LV."

The story of how this obelisk came to be in the piazza of the Lateran spans three thousand years. It was first quarried by Thutmose III around 1450 BC and stood at the Temple of Amun at Karnak. When the emperor Augustus (27 BC-14 AD) had the first obelisks brought from Egypt to Rome in 10 BC, he had considered this one, but was deterred by the fact that it was the largest of all obelisks (being over 32 meters tall and weighing 455 tons).

The story of how this obelisk came to be in the piazza of the Lateran spans three thousand years. It was first quarried by Thutmose III around 1450 BC and stood at the Temple of Amun at Karnak. When the emperor Augustus (27 BC-14 AD) had the first obelisks brought from Egypt to Rome in 10 BC, he had considered this one, but was deterred by the fact that it was the largest of all obelisks (being over 32 meters tall and weighing 455 tons).

Summary: First edition, first issue of an educational emblem book based on various aspects of nature and human nature with 100 engraved emblems by Jan Luiken (41 images) and Caspar Luiken (59 images). Each emblem is accompanied by a 10-line Latin verse in letterpress by the German engraver and publisher Johann Christoph Weigel.

Summary: First edition, first issue of an educational emblem book based on various aspects of nature and human nature with 100 engraved emblems by Jan Luiken (41 images) and Caspar Luiken (59 images). Each emblem is accompanied by a 10-line Latin verse in letterpress by the German engraver and publisher Johann Christoph Weigel.

An itemized list of expenses billed to a Mr. Edward Shippen, to be paid to John Bates, for cobbling services. The list includes orders for new shoes, as well as mending expenses, for Shippen's children and at least two enslaved individuals in his household.

An itemized list of expenses billed to a Mr. Edward Shippen, to be paid to John Bates, for cobbling services. The list includes orders for new shoes, as well as mending expenses, for Shippen's children and at least two enslaved individuals in his household.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: An extract from a work by Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf on finding redemption through Christ.

Summary: An extract from a work by Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf on finding redemption through Christ.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

A depiction of the Americas, personified as an indigenous woman wearing a feathered headdress and holding a rolled up Constitution, being offered a Holy Bible by a kneeling woman (potentially a personification of Europe?) while Liberty looks on, depicted as a woman in a Greek-style himation and carrying a Liberty pole topped with a cap of liberty. On the right, behind America is a plinth with a list of names: Washington, Montgomery, Greene, Franklin, Warren, Adams, Mercer, Putnam, Jay, Clinton, Gates, Morris, and Fayette.

A depiction of the Americas, personified as an indigenous woman wearing a feathered headdress and holding a rolled up Constitution, being offered a Holy Bible by a kneeling woman (potentially a personification of Europe?) while Liberty looks on, depicted as a woman in a Greek-style himation and carrying a Liberty pole topped with a cap of liberty. On the right, behind America is a plinth with a list of names: Washington, Montgomery, Greene, Franklin, Warren, Adams, Mercer, Putnam, Jay, Clinton, Gates, Morris, and Fayette.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: The first collection.

Summary: The first collection.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: A tract laying out principles for the education of children in a Christian context.

Summary: A tract laying out principles for the education of children in a Christian context.

An engraved portrait of Johann Eck, one of Martin Luther's notable opponents. Includes two captions: "Iohannes Eckius Canonicus Theologiae Doctor et Propagator Eccle. Rom." and "natus in pago Eck 13.Nov.1486 Obiit 10 Febr.1543 at 57. Procancellarius Acad. Ingolstad."

An engraved portrait of Johann Eck, one of Martin Luther's notable opponents. Includes two captions: "Iohannes Eckius Canonicus Theologiae Doctor et Propagator Eccle. Rom." and "natus in pago Eck 13.Nov.1486 Obiit 10 Febr.1543 at 57. Procancellarius Acad. Ingolstad."

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

An engraved portrait of Jean Calivin, founder of Calvinism.

An engraved portrait of Jean Calivin, founder of Calvinism.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: A biography of John Wesley, placing him within the wider church history.

Summary: A biography of John Wesley, placing him within the wider church history.

Summary: The correspondence of Ignatius Sancho accompanied by a memoir of his life.

Summary: The correspondence of Ignatius Sancho accompanied by a memoir of his life.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

A description of the customs of indigenous peoples of the Americas as recorded by colonizing forces.

A description of the customs of indigenous peoples of the Americas as recorded by colonizing forces.

The print depicts the cavalcade accompanying Pope Clement XI from the Vatican Basilica to the Basilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome on April 10, 1701

The print depicts the cavalcade accompanying Pope Clement XI from the Vatican Basilica to the Basilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome on April 10, 1701

Summary: A collection of engravings made after the work of the painter, Hans Holbein.

Summary: A collection of engravings made after the work of the painter, Hans Holbein.

An engraved portrait of Olaudah Equiano which appears in his autobiography.

An engraved portrait of Olaudah Equiano which appears in his autobiography.

Summary: A tract in which Wesley reflects on a number of doctrines of the Catholic Church.

Summary: A tract in which Wesley reflects on a number of doctrines of the Catholic Church.

Portrait of Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein, the first black minister who was educated in the Netherlands, with his hand on the Bible. He was a minister at Fort Elmina, in his homeland, present-day Ghana. Below the portrait is a ten-line verse.

Portrait of Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein, the first black minister who was educated in the Netherlands, with his hand on the Bible. He was a minister at Fort Elmina, in his homeland, present-day Ghana. Below the portrait is a ten-line verse.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: This is the only edition of a metered translation of the Psalms by Cotton Mather, who had intended it to replace the Bay Psalm Book, which he though was too constrained by being rhymed in addition to being metered. All Psalms are arranged to be sung in the common meter, while some could also be sung in the long meter with the inclusion of additional words printed in black letter and set in square brackets.

Summary: This is the only edition of a metered translation of the Psalms by Cotton Mather, who had intended it to replace the Bay Psalm Book, which he though was too constrained by being rhymed in addition to being metered. All Psalms are arranged to be sung in the common meter, while some could also be sung in the long meter with the inclusion of additional words printed in black letter and set in square brackets.

Summary: A set of questions written by Bennet, here referred to as queries, posed to Count Niclaus Ludwig graf von Zinzendorf, the founder of the Moravian Church.

Summary: A set of questions written by Bennet, here referred to as queries, posed to Count Niclaus Ludwig graf von Zinzendorf, the founder of the Moravian Church.

Summary: An extract from a work by John Norris on moral conduct and education. This is bound as no. 2 in Wesley Tract, vol. X.

Summary: An extract from a work by John Norris on moral conduct and education. This is bound as no. 2 in Wesley Tract, vol. X.

Summary: Includes essays by three sons of the author: Marvin McKenzie McLean, "War times in Washington"--John H. McLean, Jr., On the Panama canal--McDugald Kiener McLean, "Oxford" and "American, English, and German universities".

Summary: Includes essays by three sons of the author: Marvin McKenzie McLean, "War times in Washington"--John H. McLean, Jr., On the Panama canal--McDugald Kiener McLean, "Oxford" and "American, English, and German universities".

Summary: A pastoral charge from the Bishop in charge of the Diocese of Gloucester outlining the rules and regulations to which all clergymen in the diocese will be held.

Summary: A pastoral charge from the Bishop in charge of the Diocese of Gloucester outlining the rules and regulations to which all clergymen in the diocese will be held.

Summary: A collection of the works of Saint Isidore, of Seville.

Summary: A collection of the works of Saint Isidore, of Seville.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: Extracted by John Wesley from the writings of Robert Barclay.

Summary: Extracted by John Wesley from the writings of Robert Barclay.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: The memoirs of Job, a man sold into slavery in Maryland and later England.

Summary: The memoirs of Job, a man sold into slavery in Maryland and later England.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: "After nearly four months at sea on the Whitaker, anchored near Savannah, Georgia, Whitefield preached this farewell sermon to his shipmates, urging thankfulness to God for their safe arrival..."

Summary: "After nearly four months at sea on the Whitaker, anchored near Savannah, Georgia, Whitefield preached this farewell sermon to his shipmates, urging thankfulness to God for their safe arrival..."

Summary: A collection of letters by George Whitefiled and others

Summary: A collection of letters by George Whitefiled and others

Summary: Correspondence of Whitefield and other missionary Methodists in Great Britain, New England, South Carolina and Georgia, written 1746-July 1748.

Summary: Correspondence of Whitefield and other missionary Methodists in Great Britain, New England, South Carolina and Georgia, written 1746-July 1748.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: A sermon on Jeremiah 33 preached first in Boston, Massachusetts, during the height of Whitefield's popularity, and then again in Glasgow, Scotland.

Summary: A sermon on Jeremiah 33 preached first in Boston, Massachusetts, during the height of Whitefield's popularity, and then again in Glasgow, Scotland.

Summary: "The present book is intended to serve as a companion volume to the author's 'The life and times of Wesley.'"

Summary: "The present book is intended to serve as a companion volume to the author's 'The life and times of Wesley.'"

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: A sermon on Acts XXVI.28.

Summary: A sermon on Acts XXVI.28.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: "In this moralistic sermon (a common genre in the evangelical movement), aimed at promoting Christian conduct on the Whitaker, Whitefield laments that even some who people profess to be Christian have fallen into the sin of drunkenness. He goes on to give six reasons why drunkenness is incompatible with Christianity and argues that it imperils one’s salvation. Whitefield exhorts his hearers to turn away from the sin of drunkenness to a life of prayer and self-denial in which they labor “to be filled with the Spirit of God” (Eph. 5:6)."

Summary: "In this moralistic sermon (a common genre in the evangelical movement), aimed at promoting Christian conduct on the Whitaker, Whitefield laments that even some who people profess to be Christian have fallen into the sin of drunkenness. He goes on to give six reasons why drunkenness is incompatible with Christianity and argues that it imperils one’s salvation. Whitefield exhorts his hearers to turn away from the sin of drunkenness to a life of prayer and self-denial in which they labor “to be filled with the Spirit of God” (Eph. 5:6)."

Summary: From the death of Wesley to the centenary jubilee of Methodism.

Summary: From the death of Wesley to the centenary jubilee of Methodism.

Summary: An autobiography of Olaudah Equiano.

Summary: An autobiography of Olaudah Equiano.

Summary: An instructional text using an imagined dialogue between a missionary and an "Indian" to illustrate how a missionary in the field might instruct a potential convert in the Christian practices. It is unclear from the text what people or peoples are meant to be represented by the "Indian," or if the author is simply using the term as a broad catchall.

Summary: An instructional text using an imagined dialogue between a missionary and an "Indian" to illustrate how a missionary in the field might instruct a potential convert in the Christian practices. It is unclear from the text what people or peoples are meant to be represented by the "Indian," or if the author is simply using the term as a broad catchall.

Summary: An instructional text using an imagined dialogue between a missionary and an "Indian" to illustrate how a missionary in the field might instruct a potential convert in the Christian practices. It is unclear from the text what people or peoples are meant to be represented by the "Indian," or if the author is simply using the term as a broad catchall.

Summary: An instructional text using an imagined dialogue between a missionary and an "Indian" to illustrate how a missionary in the field might instruct a potential convert in the Christian practices. It is unclear from the text what people or peoples are meant to be represented by the "Indian," or if the author is simply using the term as a broad catchall.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: The biography of Mary Fletcher is compiled from her diary and her correspondence. In her writings, she tells of for her work with orphans and as a class leader.

Summary: The biography of Mary Fletcher is compiled from her diary and her correspondence. In her writings, she tells of for her work with orphans and as a class leader.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: This theme [of transformation/rebirth] is continued in The Marks of the New Birth, which takes as its text Acts 19:5: “Have you received the Holy Ghost since ye believed?” Here, Whitefield presses the necessity of receiving the Holy Spirit in order to be a true Christian, the marks by which one can determine they have received the Spirit, and he then gives practical words of advice to people in different stages of their spiritual journeys.

Summary: This theme [of transformation/rebirth] is continued in The Marks of the New Birth, which takes as its text Acts 19:5: “Have you received the Holy Ghost since ye believed?” Here, Whitefield presses the necessity of receiving the Holy Spirit in order to be a true Christian, the marks by which one can determine they have received the Spirit, and he then gives practical words of advice to people in different stages of their spiritual journeys.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: The first biography of Susanna Wesley, the mother of John and Charles Wesley.

Summary: The first biography of Susanna Wesley, the mother of John and Charles Wesley.

Summary: A farewell sermon given in Moorfields, London, stressing themes of salvation, atonement, and justification.

Summary: A farewell sermon given in Moorfields, London, stressing themes of salvation, atonement, and justification.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: A collection of prayers and meditations written by Susanna Wesley, mother of John and Charles Wesley.

Summary: A collection of prayers and meditations written by Susanna Wesley, mother of John and Charles Wesley.

Summary: Substance of a lecture given before the Whitby Wesleyan Young Men's Association.

Summary: Substance of a lecture given before the Whitby Wesleyan Young Men's Association.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: A family Bible which includes the Apocrypha, an introduction, tables, and a list of scubscribers.

Summary: A family Bible which includes the Apocrypha, an introduction, tables, and a list of scubscribers.

Summary: A treatise explaining what the process of conversion is, describing its necessity, and how to identify those who may be in need of conversion. The volume also includes a short work by Richard Baxter, "A call to the unconverted."

Summary: A treatise explaining what the process of conversion is, describing its necessity, and how to identify those who may be in need of conversion. The volume also includes a short work by Richard Baxter, "A call to the unconverted."

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: Sermons delivered before Whitefield's departure on his final trip to Georgia and published in England following the news of his death.

Summary: Sermons delivered before Whitefield's departure on his final trip to Georgia and published in England following the news of his death.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: Uncovers the strategies early African American writers used both to create an African American identity and to make their visions and stories accessible to white readers. Beginning with Phillis Wheatley and John Marrant, who created popular literature by using formulas like that of the Puritan narrative, and ending with the subversive work of Harriet Jacobs and Elizabeth Keckley, Zafar argues that black writers tried every literary strategy--from mimicry and masking to invisibility--as a means of promoting empathy and as a way of transcending the attitudes of mainstream America.

Summary: Uncovers the strategies early African American writers used both to create an African American identity and to make their visions and stories accessible to white readers. Beginning with Phillis Wheatley and John Marrant, who created popular literature by using formulas like that of the Puritan narrative, and ending with the subversive work of Harriet Jacobs and Elizabeth Keckley, Zafar argues that black writers tried every literary strategy--from mimicry and masking to invisibility--as a means of promoting empathy and as a way of transcending the attitudes of mainstream America.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Three-quarter length portrait of Phillis Wheatley, seated at a table, with pen in hand; inkwell and book nearby.

Three-quarter length portrait of Phillis Wheatley, seated at a table, with pen in hand; inkwell and book nearby.

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: