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Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Summary: Joseph Klug printed the first collection of hymns that Luther prepared specifically for congregational use in Wittenberg in 1529. It followed the church year closely and was revised and reprinted several times. The renowned hymnal printed by Valentin Bapst (Geystlicher Lieder'; Leipzig, 1545) may be seen as a later edition of the Klug hymnal. (Robin Leaver, "Hymnals," in 'The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation' (1996) 2:286-89.)

Summary: Joseph Klug printed the first collection of hymns that Luther prepared specifically for congregational use in Wittenberg in 1529. It followed the church year closely and was revised and reprinted several times. The renowned hymnal printed by Valentin Bapst (Geystlicher Lieder'; Leipzig, 1545) may be seen as a later edition of the Klug hymnal. (Robin Leaver, "Hymnals," in 'The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation' (1996) 2:286-89.)

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn brieff an die Fürsten zu Sachsen von dem auffrurischen geyst printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn brieff an die Fürsten zu Sachsen von dem auffrurischen geyst printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Wider den neuen Abgott und alten Teufel printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural archway supported by Corinthian columns (all), a pair of cherubs holding staves (top corners), and a pair of cherubs holding a medallion with a blank shield (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Wider den neuen Abgott und alten Teufel printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural archway supported by Corinthian columns (all), a pair of cherubs holding staves (top corners), and a pair of cherubs holding a medallion with a blank shield (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Ain Sermon uon der frucht vnd nutzbarkait des hayligen Sacraments printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Ain Sermon uon der frucht vnd nutzbarkait des hayligen Sacraments printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Widder das blind vnd toll verdamnis der siebenzehen artickel von der elenden schendlichen vniuersitet zu Ingolstat ausgangen printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Widder das blind vnd toll verdamnis der siebenzehen artickel von der elenden schendlichen vniuersitet zu Ingolstat ausgangen printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn kurtze vnterichtu[n]g, warauff Christus seine Kirchen, oder Gemain gebawet hab printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting God or Jesus Christ holding the globus cruciger (top), decorative pillars with fish and plant motifs (sides), and the scene of the woman and the dragon from Revelations 7 (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn kurtze vnterichtu[n]g, warauff Christus seine Kirchen, oder Gemain gebawet hab printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting God or Jesus Christ holding the globus cruciger (top), decorative pillars with fish and plant motifs (sides), and the scene of the woman and the dragon from Revelations 7 (bottom).

A woodcut depicting a monk in conversation with a knight. The woodcut appears on the title page of Luther's letter to the head of the Teutonic Order of Knights arguing against the requirement of celibacy.

A woodcut depicting a monk in conversation with a knight. The woodcut appears on the title page of Luther's letter to the head of the Teutonic Order of Knights arguing against the requirement of celibacy.

A woodcut border to a German translation of Luther's letter to Duke Charles III of Savoy printed in 1524. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting an architectural arch or niche decorated with Corinthian columns (sides), a lady and a knight holding blank shields (top left and right), a pair of sirens holding a blank shield (top), a blank shield filled in with a hand-drawn symbol flanked by two cherubs playing the drums and flute (bottom).

A woodcut border to a German translation of Luther's letter to Duke Charles III of Savoy printed in 1524. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting an architectural arch or niche decorated with Corinthian columns (sides), a lady and a knight holding blank shields (top left and right), a pair of sirens holding a blank shield (top), a blank shield filled in with a hand-drawn symbol flanked by two cherubs playing the drums and flute (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn geschicht wie Got eyner Erbarn kloster Jungfrawe[n] ausgeholffen hat printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn geschicht wie Got eyner Erbarn kloster Jungfrawe[n] ausgeholffen hat printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's An die herren Deutschs Ordens, das sy falsche keuschhait meyden printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting a variety of floral and plant motifs.

A woodcut border to Luther's An die herren Deutschs Ordens, das sy falsche keuschhait meyden printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting a variety of floral and plant motifs.

A woodcut border to Zwei kaiserliche uneinige und widerwärtige Gebote den Luther betreffend printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting three cherubs holding a plaque with the date of publication (top), a pair of architectural elements with two men standing between pairs of columns and topped with a female and male siren respectively (sides), and a man's torso with plant-like limbs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Zwei kaiserliche uneinige und widerwärtige Gebote den Luther betreffend printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting three cherubs holding a plaque with the date of publication (top), a pair of architectural elements with two men standing between pairs of columns and topped with a female and male siren respectively (sides), and a man's torso with plant-like limbs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Andreas Orisander's German translation of the traditional Catholic Baptism rites printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting a decorative arch and pair of orbs (top), decorative columns which include a secton suported by a male figure (sides), a floral pattern (possibly thistle) with a bird (bottom). In the center of the border, below the title, is a woodcut coat of arms for the city of Nuremberg.

A woodcut border to Andreas Orisander's German translation of the traditional Catholic Baptism rites printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting a decorative arch and pair of orbs (top), decorative columns which include a secton suported by a male figure (sides), a floral pattern (possibly thistle) with a bird (bottom). In the center of the border, below the title, is a woodcut coat of arms for the city of Nuremberg.

A woodcut border to Wolfgang Capito's Was man halten, vnnd Antwurtten soll, von der spaltung zwischen Martin Luther, vnnd Andres Carolstadt printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Wolfgang Capito's Was man halten, vnnd Antwurtten soll, von der spaltung zwischen Martin Luther, vnnd Andres Carolstadt printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to a selection of Ambrosius Catharinus' criticisms of Luther printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts floral decorations, cherubs, and bucrania (top and sides), as well as a pair of cherubs flanking a pair of pegasi (bottom).

A woodcut border to a selection of Ambrosius Catharinus' criticisms of Luther printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts floral decorations, cherubs, and bucrania (top and sides), as well as a pair of cherubs flanking a pair of pegasi (bottom).

A woodcut border to Augustin von Alveldt's Wyder den Wittenbergischen Abtgot Martin Luther printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts an archway decorated with columns (sides), bucrania (top), and a portrait of a man framed by a jousting man and satyr (bottom).

A woodcut border to Augustin von Alveldt's Wyder den Wittenbergischen Abtgot Martin Luther printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts an archway decorated with columns (sides), bucrania (top), and a portrait of a man framed by a jousting man and satyr (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Acht sermon printed in 1523. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a pair of cherubs riding fish or dolphins flanking a face (top), floral ornamentation (sides), and a pair of cherubs accompanied by two sphinxes breastfeeding satyrs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Acht sermon printed in 1523. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a pair of cherubs riding fish or dolphins flanking a face (top), floral ornamentation (sides), and a pair of cherubs accompanied by two sphinxes breastfeeding satyrs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Reason and Answer that Women may leave their Cloisters in a Godly manner printed in 1523. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a pair of cherubs riding fish or dolphins flanking a face (top), floral ornamentation (sides), and a pair of cherubs accompanied by two sphinxes breastfeeding satyrs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Reason and Answer that Women may leave their Cloisters in a Godly manner printed in 1523. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a pair of cherubs riding fish or dolphins flanking a face (top), floral ornamentation (sides), and a pair of cherubs accompanied by two sphinxes breastfeeding satyrs (bottom).

A woodcut image depicting the assumption of Lazarus and the damnation of the rich man as told in Luke 16. Lazarus appears held in the arms of God/Christ in the sky as the rich man sinks into a hole filled with flames.

A woodcut image depicting the assumption of Lazarus and the damnation of the rich man as told in Luke 16. Lazarus appears held in the arms of God/Christ in the sky as the rich man sinks into a hole filled with flames.

A woodcut border to Luther's Das Jesus Christus ein geborner Jude sey printed in 1523. The border is composed of four woodcuts depicting a pair of cherubs flanking decorative scrollwork (top), floral patterns (sides), and decorative fish design (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Das Jesus Christus ein geborner Jude sey printed in 1523. The border is composed of four woodcuts depicting a pair of cherubs flanking decorative scrollwork (top), floral patterns (sides), and decorative fish design (bottom).