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An engraving depicting a portrait of John Wycliffe framed in a laurel wreath with a pile of books and papers being burned, representing the declaration by the Council of Constance that his works should be burned.

An engraving depicting a portrait of John Wycliffe framed in a laurel wreath with a pile of books and papers being burned, representing the declaration by the Council of Constance that his works should be burned.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Antipope John XXIII, a pair of manacles hanging above and to the sides of the portrait, while a Papal crown, owl, crossbow, crossed keys, another manacle, and the Antipope's coat of arms depicted below.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Antipope John XXIII, a pair of manacles hanging above and to the sides of the portrait, while a Papal crown, owl, crossbow, crossed keys, another manacle, and the Antipope's coat of arms depicted below.

An engraving depicting a bust of Jan Žižka atop a column featuring a laurel wreath. The figure is wearing armor and a helmet with a partial eyepatch.

An engraving depicting a bust of Jan Žižka atop a column featuring a laurel wreath. The figure is wearing armor and a helmet with a partial eyepatch.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Cardinal Jean Allarment de Brogny hanging from a tree, a pair of shoes hanging from the bottom of the frame, and a schene of a pair of monks speaking with a farmer in the background.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Cardinal Jean Allarment de Brogny hanging from a tree, a pair of shoes hanging from the bottom of the frame, and a schene of a pair of monks speaking with a farmer in the background.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Jerome of Prague with a fire built below the portrait, the flames catching along the sides and frame in reference to his execution by burning at the stake.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Jerome of Prague with a fire built below the portrait, the flames catching along the sides and frame in reference to his execution by burning at the stake.

The title page of Histoire du concile de Constance : tirée principalement d'auteurs qui ont assisté au concile with a decorative engraving depicting the council in session.

The title page of Histoire du concile de Constance : tirée principalement d'auteurs qui ont assisté au concile with a decorative engraving depicting the council in session.

The title page of Histoire générale des cérémonies, moeurs, et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde, featurnig an engraving depicting, clockwise from the top, Christianity represented by angels surrounding the Bible, bearing the Latin phrase “biblia sacra concilia et traditiones” and a woman holding a communion chalice, Buddhism by two men praying (bottom right), Islam by one man reading the Qu’ran to his suffering companion, and Judaism by a woman reading the Old Testament, as a blindfolded woman with bat wings holds a lantern for her (left).

The title page of Histoire générale des cérémonies, moeurs, et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde, featurnig an engraving depicting, clockwise from the top, Christianity represented by angels surrounding the Bible, bearing the Latin phrase “biblia sacra concilia et traditiones” and a woman holding a communion chalice, Buddhism by two men praying (bottom right), Islam by one man reading the Qu’ran to his suffering companion, and Judaism by a woman reading the Old Testament, as a blindfolded woman with bat wings holds a lantern for her (left).

An engraving depicting assorted instruments for the brit milah (Jewish ritual circumcision) (top) and a Torah scroll witht he related trappings, including finials for the ends, a fabric wrap for a closed roll, an ornate cloth mantle to cover the closed scroll, a pointer, and a box holding chits with the names of members of the synagogue to be drawn for aliyot (divided into groups based on status).

An engraving depicting assorted instruments for the brit milah (Jewish ritual circumcision) (top) and a Torah scroll witht he related trappings, including finials for the ends, a fabric wrap for a closed roll, an ornate cloth mantle to cover the closed scroll, a pointer, and a box holding chits with the names of members of the synagogue to be drawn for aliyot (divided into groups based on status).

An engraving depicting a portrait of Jean Gerson placed above a pen and ink well, a galero, a dog, a book, and a crest featuring a cherub, stars, and moon.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Jean Gerson placed above a pen and ink well, a galero, a dog, a book, and a crest featuring a cherub, stars, and moon.

An engraving depicting liturgical objects associated with Jewish religious practice, including a tallit katan (prayer shawl), tassels, a Sabbath lamp, matsah, the Four Species (a palm frond, brnaches from a myrtle and a willow tree and a citron, waved during the celebration of the harvest festival Sukkot), a shofar (a ram’s horn blown on the holidays of Rosh Hoshanah andYom Kippur), and a mezuzah (a scroll with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah, placed on doorposts of Jewish homes).

An engraving depicting liturgical objects associated with Jewish religious practice, including a tallit katan (prayer shawl), tassels, a Sabbath lamp, matsah, the Four Species (a palm frond, brnaches from a myrtle and a willow tree and a citron, waved during the celebration of the harvest festival Sukkot), a shofar (a ram’s horn blown on the holidays of Rosh Hoshanah andYom Kippur), and a mezuzah (a scroll with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah, placed on doorposts of Jewish homes).

An engraving depicting elements of Jewish ritual garments, including a Jewish prayer shawl with tassels (top), phylacteries (small black leather boxes including verses from the Torah), and a Jew wearing both for worship (bottom right).

An engraving depicting elements of Jewish ritual garments, including a Jewish prayer shawl with tassels (top), phylacteries (small black leather boxes including verses from the Torah), and a Jew wearing both for worship (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting a Catholic Jubilee year, during which faithful make prilgrimages to four basilicas in exchange for indulgences.

A series of six engravings depicting a Catholic Jubilee year, during which faithful make prilgrimages to four basilicas in exchange for indulgences.

A series of six engravings depicting pilgrims traveling to one of the seven basilicas that grants indulgence during a Jubilee year (top left). There the pilgrims climb the Scala Santa (Holy Stairs) on their knees (top right), and Roman prelates and barons wash their feet (left middle). The pope blesses the tables the pilgrims uses to eat with the Cardinals and the other prelates (right middle). The pope distributes rosaries, medallions, and Agnus Dei (a wax medallion imprinted with the Lamb of God) to the pilgrims as they kiss his feet (bottom left).

A series of six engravings depicting pilgrims traveling to one of the seven basilicas that grants indulgence during a Jubilee year (top left). There the pilgrims climb the Scala Santa (Holy Stairs) on their knees (top right), and Roman prelates and barons wash their feet (left middle). The pope blesses the tables the pilgrims uses to eat with the Cardinals and the other prelates (right middle). The pope distributes rosaries, medallions, and Agnus Dei (a wax medallion imprinted with the Lamb of God) to the pilgrims as they kiss his feet (bottom left).

A pair of engravings depicting an amphitheater where full Inquisition tribunals took place before royalty and Catholic officials during the Spanish Inquisition in Madrid (top) and a procession making to an Inquisition trial in Goa, led by Dominicans carrying the Inquisition standard (which bears the Latin motto “Misericordia et Justitia” [“Mercy and Justice”]), followed by the guards and accused criminals, and the Grand Inquisitor. Both engravings are labelled.

A pair of engravings depicting an amphitheater where full Inquisition tribunals took place before royalty and Catholic officials during the Spanish Inquisition in Madrid (top) and a procession making to an Inquisition trial in Goa, led by Dominicans carrying the Inquisition standard (which bears the Latin motto “Misericordia et Justitia” [“Mercy and Justice”]), followed by the guards and accused criminals, and the Grand Inquisitor. Both engravings are labelled.

A pair of engravings depicting condemned heretics performing an auto-da-fé, or act of faith, as penance prior to being burned at the stake during the Inquisition (top) and condemned heretics during the Inquisition being publically burnt at the stake (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting condemned heretics performing an auto-da-fé, or act of faith, as penance prior to being burned at the stake during the Inquisition (top) and condemned heretics during the Inquisition being publically burnt at the stake (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting a Jewish family preparing for (top) and observing (bottom) Passover. The top engraving shows the family searching for and removing any remaining leaven in the kitchen in preparation for Passover. The bottom engraving shows the family sitting down around a table and participating in a Seder dinner.

A pair of engravings depicting a Jewish family preparing for (top) and observing (bottom) Passover. The top engraving shows the family searching for and removing any remaining leaven in the kitchen in preparation for Passover. The bottom engraving shows the family sitting down around a table and participating in a Seder dinner.

A pair of engravings depicting the display of the body within a coffin before the house of the deceased or their family (top) and the offering of the Eucherist during a mass of requiem for the dead (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting the display of the body within a coffin before the house of the deceased or their family (top) and the offering of the Eucherist during a mass of requiem for the dead (bottom).

An engraving depicting the interior of the Sistine Chapel.

An engraving depicting the interior of the Sistine Chapel.

A pair of engravings depicting the brit milah (ritual circumcision) (top) and the pidyon haben (redemption of the firstborn son) (bottom). The top engraving shows the family of the infant gathered as the rabbi oversees the proceedure. The bottom engraving shows the family of the child gathered around as the father presents the first-born son to the kohen (a priest directly descended from Aaron).

A pair of engravings depicting the brit milah (ritual circumcision) (top) and the pidyon haben (redemption of the firstborn son) (bottom). The top engraving shows the family of the infant gathered as the rabbi oversees the proceedure. The bottom engraving shows the family of the child gathered around as the father presents the first-born son to the kohen (a priest directly descended from Aaron).

A pair of engravings depicting parishioners taking Communion (top) and a priest delivering the Eucharist as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting parishioners taking Communion (top) and a priest delivering the Eucharist as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting penitents stepping into the confessional to confess their sins to a priest (top) and a priest anointing a dying man as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting penitents stepping into the confessional to confess their sins to a priest (top) and a priest anointing a dying man as part of the last rites (bottom).