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An engraving depicting a cross-section of the northeastern corner of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, highlighting the improvements paid for through a Papal Bull issued by Pope Paul V. This view shows the area as viewed looking south, toward the bell tower, and shows the papal monument of Paul V just inside the entrance to the

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the northeastern corner of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, highlighting the improvements paid for through a Papal Bull issued by Pope Paul V. This view shows the area as viewed looking south, toward the bell tower, and shows the papal monument of Paul V just inside the entrance to the

An engraving depicting various tortures and executions of Christians during the persecutions ordered under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. The image shows five different methods of crucifixion (right), people being burned at the stake (center, background), a man being beaten (center), a figure being attacked by dogs (bottom left), and a figure being stabbed, covered in oil, and burned (left), all while the Emperors watch (top left, background).

An engraving depicting various tortures and executions of Christians during the persecutions ordered under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. The image shows five different methods of crucifixion (right), people being burned at the stake (center, background), a man being beaten (center), a figure being attacked by dogs (bottom left), and a figure being stabbed, covered in oil, and burned (left), all while the Emperors watch (top left, background).

A pair of engravings depicting the dome atop St. Peter's Basilica and the Vatican Library, both of which were parts of Pope Sixtus V's urban reform program.

A pair of engravings depicting the dome atop St. Peter's Basilica and the Vatican Library, both of which were parts of Pope Sixtus V's urban reform program.

An engraving of the four beasts which appeared to Daniel in a vision. Each beast represented a different kingdom and is labeled from left to right: Roma (Rome), Grecia (Greece), Persia, and Asyria.

An engraving of the four beasts which appeared to Daniel in a vision. Each beast represented a different kingdom and is labeled from left to right: Roma (Rome), Grecia (Greece), Persia, and Asyria.

An engraving depicting the execution of David and Levina. The image shows Levina and David having been strangled and burned at the stake, and a man stabbing David to make sure he is dead.

An engraving depicting the execution of David and Levina. The image shows Levina and David having been strangled and burned at the stake, and a man stabbing David to make sure he is dead.

An engraved tailpiece to the sixth, ninth, tenth, and twelfth books of Moyne's epic, "Saint Louys," depicting the standard of the Kingdom of France encircled by a crown of thorns beneath a banner with the Latin motto, "decus et tutamen" (glory/honor and [a means of] protection).

An engraved tailpiece to the sixth, ninth, tenth, and twelfth books of Moyne's epic, "Saint Louys," depicting the standard of the Kingdom of France encircled by a crown of thorns beneath a banner with the Latin motto, "decus et tutamen" (glory/honor and [a means of] protection).

The dedication page of Diego de Saavedra Fajardo's Obras de Don Diego de Saauedra Faxardo Cavallero del Orden de S. Iago, del Consejo de su Magestad en el Supremo de las Indias, y su Embajador plenipotençiario en los treze cantones, &c. : en dos tomos divididas, el primero contiene I. Idea de un principe politico christiano, representada en cien Empresas, honoring Aubertus van den Eede, the Bishop of Antwerp. The bishop's coat of arms is included at the top of the page, featuring a quartered crest and topped with a galero.

The dedication page of Diego de Saavedra Fajardo's Obras de Don Diego de Saauedra Faxardo Cavallero del Orden de S. Iago, del Consejo de su Magestad en el Supremo de las Indias, y su Embajador plenipotençiario en los treze cantones, &c. : en dos tomos divididas, el primero contiene I. Idea de un principe politico christiano, representada en cien Empresas, honoring Aubertus van den Eede, the Bishop of Antwerp. The bishop's coat of arms is included at the top of the page, featuring a quartered crest and topped with a galero.

An engraved dedicatory headpiece to a collection of engravings based on the work of Raphael. The engraving depicts a pair of columns, one with a man's head crowned in laurels and the other with a bearded man's head, (sides) and a pair of lions standing above orbs and flanking a trio of feathers and a wreath (top).

An engraved dedicatory headpiece to a collection of engravings based on the work of Raphael. The engraving depicts a pair of columns, one with a man's head crowned in laurels and the other with a bearded man's head, (sides) and a pair of lions standing above orbs and flanking a trio of feathers and a wreath (top).

An engraving depicting a Roman triumphal procession passing through a triumphal gate and accross the triumphal bridge (Pons Neronianus/Vaticanus) along the triumphal way (Via Triumphale) across the Tiber River. Above the scene, an angel flies, blowing on a trumpet that is draped with a flag bearing a crest with "S.P.Q.R." on it. The accompanying text discusses sources that claim St. Peter was buried near the Via Triumphale.

An engraving depicting a Roman triumphal procession passing through a triumphal gate and accross the triumphal bridge (Pons Neronianus/Vaticanus) along the triumphal way (Via Triumphale) across the Tiber River. Above the scene, an angel flies, blowing on a trumpet that is draped with a flag bearing a crest with "S.P.Q.R." on it. The accompanying text discusses sources that claim St. Peter was buried near the Via Triumphale.

An engraved portrait of Desiderius Erasmus based on a portrait pained by Hans Holbein. The caption reads "Desid: Erasmus Roterod: Natus 1467. Den: et Sepult: Basiliae 1556. Ad Archetypum I: Holbenii in Biblioth: bupl: Basil: adservatum pictum cum annum ageret Erasmus LV."

An engraved portrait of Desiderius Erasmus based on a portrait pained by Hans Holbein. The caption reads "Desid: Erasmus Roterod: Natus 1467. Den: et Sepult: Basiliae 1556. Ad Archetypum I: Holbenii in Biblioth: bupl: Basil: adservatum pictum cum annum ageret Erasmus LV."

An engraving depicting the execution of two young women. The image shows the young women, with crowns of straw on their heads, being led towards a stake being prepared in the background.

An engraving depicting the execution of two young women. The image shows the young women, with crowns of straw on their heads, being led towards a stake being prepared in the background.

A map of the world including Europe, Africa ("Der schwarzen Moren Land"), Asia (Major), America ("Die Newe Welt"), and India Meridionalis (a so called "phantom" peninsula that was often depicted in Medieval and Rennaissance maps). A number of monstrous sea creatures are depicted in the various oceans and seas.

A map of the world including Europe, Africa ("Der schwarzen Moren Land"), Asia (Major), America ("Die Newe Welt"), and India Meridionalis (a so called "phantom" peninsula that was often depicted in Medieval and Rennaissance maps). A number of monstrous sea creatures are depicted in the various oceans and seas.

A map of the world including Europe, Africa, and Asia as three leaf or petal shaped continents with America ("Die Newe Welt") draw in the bottom left corner. A ship and numerous sea creatures are depicted in the oceans.

A map of the world including Europe, Africa, and Asia as three leaf or petal shaped continents with America ("Die Newe Welt") draw in the bottom left corner. A ship and numerous sea creatures are depicted in the oceans.

An engraving depicting the Villa Medici and gardens in Rome.

An engraving depicting the Villa Medici and gardens in Rome.

A series of four engravings depicting aspects of religious rituals and practices from ancient Mediterranean cultures, including Greek, Roman, and Egyptian. The engraving on the top right depicts a supplicant praying before a temple of Pomona, the Latin and Roman goddess of fruit trees, gardens, and orchards, who is depicted to the supplicant's left.

A series of four engravings depicting aspects of religious rituals and practices from ancient Mediterranean cultures, including Greek, Roman, and Egyptian. The engraving on the top right depicts a supplicant praying before a temple of Pomona, the Latin and Roman goddess of fruit trees, gardens, and orchards, who is depicted to the supplicant's left.

An engraving which depicts Emperor Constantine, Pope Sylvester I and the apocryphal “Donation of Constantine,” which gave the pope control of the imperial palace in Rome along with all the regions of the Western Empire, while Constantine will locate his government in the East. The document is likely an 8th century Carolingian invention, and it supports the idea that the papacy should hold some secular as well as sacred authority.

An engraving which depicts Emperor Constantine, Pope Sylvester I and the apocryphal “Donation of Constantine,” which gave the pope control of the imperial palace in Rome along with all the regions of the Western Empire, while Constantine will locate his government in the East. The document is likely an 8th century Carolingian invention, and it supports the idea that the papacy should hold some secular as well as sacred authority.

An engraving depicting the public execution of a dozen people. The image shows a card of people being brought to an execution platforms where several have already been bound to stakes which are being prepared to be burned.

An engraving depicting the public execution of a dozen people. The image shows a card of people being brought to an execution platforms where several have already been bound to stakes which are being prepared to be burned.

The act of guiding the doubtful to the correct path, illustrated and accompanied by scriptural reference.

The act of guiding the doubtful to the correct path, illustrated and accompanied by scriptural reference.

An engraving depicting the execution of Fra. Dolcino and his wife (co-preacher or concubine), Margaret of Trent. The image shows Dolcino being cut to pieces by two men while another two grab at Margaret and a fire is prepared in the background.

An engraving depicting the execution of Fra. Dolcino and his wife (co-preacher or concubine), Margaret of Trent. The image shows Dolcino being cut to pieces by two men while another two grab at Margaret and a fire is prepared in the background.

An engraving of Daniel, flanked by a lion and lioness, the four beasts from his vision depicted in the sky on either side of his head.

An engraving of Daniel, flanked by a lion and lioness, the four beasts from his vision depicted in the sky on either side of his head.

A portrait of Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe surrounded by an architectural border featuring sixteen labeled coats of arms of his ancestor's families.

A portrait of Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe surrounded by an architectural border featuring sixteen labeled coats of arms of his ancestor's families.