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A woodcut depicting the Monk-Calf of Freyberg, which was born with a tonsure-like irregularity on its head, resembling the common hairstyle of a Catholic monk.

A woodcut depicting the Monk-Calf of Freyberg, which was born with a tonsure-like irregularity on its head, resembling the common hairstyle of a Catholic monk.

A woodcut depicting the pope and twelve cardinals sitting in conclave, a petitioner kneeling before them.

A woodcut depicting the pope and twelve cardinals sitting in conclave, a petitioner kneeling before them.

A woodcut depicting a band of skeletons playing musical instruments in a cemetery. The woodcut is accompanied by verses from Revelations 8 and Genesis 7 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting a band of skeletons playing musical instruments in a cemetery. The woodcut is accompanied by verses from Revelations 8 and Genesis 7 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

Four medallions decorating the title page of Thalmut. : Obiectiones in dicta Thalmut seductoris Iudeorum. Each medallion features a portrait of a bearded man wearing different vestments associated with the Jewish tradition.

Four medallions decorating the title page of Thalmut. : Obiectiones in dicta Thalmut seductoris Iudeorum. Each medallion features a portrait of a bearded man wearing different vestments associated with the Jewish tradition.

A decorative woodcut header featuring a pair of horn players flanking a cherub's head and an initial letter "Y" decorated with floral and fish designs.

A decorative woodcut header featuring a pair of horn players flanking a cherub's head and an initial letter "Y" decorated with floral and fish designs.

A decorative woodcut element including a pair of bands featuring stylized stars and patterns.

A decorative woodcut element including a pair of bands featuring stylized stars and patterns.

A decorative woodcut on the title page of The Passionate remonstrance made by his Holinesse in the conclave at Rome: upon the late proceedings, and great Covenant of Scotland, &c. : With a reply Of Cardinall De Barbarini in the name of the Roman clergy. Together with a letter of intelligence from the Apostolicke Nuntio (now residing in London) to Pope Vrban the 8. The woodcut shows a pair of winged men's torsos flanking a plaque with a butterfly or insect.

A decorative woodcut on the title page of The Passionate remonstrance made by his Holinesse in the conclave at Rome: upon the late proceedings, and great Covenant of Scotland, &c. : With a reply Of Cardinall De Barbarini in the name of the Roman clergy. Together with a letter of intelligence from the Apostolicke Nuntio (now residing in London) to Pope Vrban the 8. The woodcut shows a pair of winged men's torsos flanking a plaque with a butterfly or insect.

A decorative woodcut depicting a pair of birds standing aboce a field of crops beneath a shining sun, flanked by floral decoration.

A decorative woodcut depicting a pair of birds standing aboce a field of crops beneath a shining sun, flanked by floral decoration.

A decorative woodcut depicting a cherub surrounded by a globe, paper, a bust, books, an artist's palette, and plants.

A decorative woodcut depicting a cherub surrounded by a globe, paper, a bust, books, an artist's palette, and plants.

A woodcut depicting the dedication or consecration of a church. A bishop follows a procession of preists bearing a container of relics draped in ornate fabric to be placed inside the altar. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs standing atop eagles and bags of snakes. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the dedication or consecration of a church. A bishop follows a procession of preists bearing a container of relics draped in ornate fabric to be placed inside the altar. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs standing atop eagles and bags of snakes. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the dedication or consecration of a church. A bishop, aided by assistants, sprinkles holy water across an altar to bless it, using a hyssop branch. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs supporting fruit trees. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the dedication or consecration of a church. A bishop, aided by assistants, sprinkles holy water across an altar to bless it, using a hyssop branch. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs supporting fruit trees. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the dedication or consecration of a church. A bishop, aided by assistants, swings a censer across an altar, consecrating it with incense. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs supporting fruit trees. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the dedication or consecration of a church. A bishop, aided by assistants, swings a censer across an altar, consecrating it with incense. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs supporting fruit trees. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the "Papal Ass," a monster purported to have been pulled from the Tiber in Rome as a portent of the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.

A woodcut depicting the "Papal Ass," a monster purported to have been pulled from the Tiber in Rome as a portent of the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.

Single sheet woodcut depicting Pope Leo X on a throne that is about to topple. Behind him are priests and monks and below them a group of Jesuits, who are trying to support the toppling throne. Leo's key, the symbol of the Petrine office is crumbling in the pope's hands. Facing Leo is Martin Luther holding an open Bible. Below him is a group of reformers led by Philipp Melanchthon, each holding a book (Bible). In the center below Leo is Friedrich Staphylus depicted as Judas Iscariot. Staphylus was a student of Philipp Melanchthon's, who rejoined the Catholic Church in 1553.

Single sheet woodcut depicting Pope Leo X on a throne that is about to topple. Behind him are priests and monks and below them a group of Jesuits, who are trying to support the toppling throne. Leo's key, the symbol of the Petrine office is crumbling in the pope's hands. Facing Leo is Martin Luther holding an open Bible. Below him is a group of reformers led by Philipp Melanchthon, each holding a book (Bible). In the center below Leo is Friedrich Staphylus depicted as Judas Iscariot. Staphylus was a student of Philipp Melanchthon's, who rejoined the Catholic Church in 1553.

An ornamental woodcut depicting a dog and a pig nose to nose with the back half of what might be a goat on the left.

An ornamental woodcut depicting a dog and a pig nose to nose with the back half of what might be a goat on the left.

An impression done in 1564 of a woodcut made in 1561 depicting Philipp Melanchthon

An impression done in 1564 of a woodcut made in 1561 depicting Philipp Melanchthon

A woodcut containing a portrait of Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg kneeling before a crucifix. This woodcut likekly originated as a broadsheet since there are no signs of letterpress on the back. The same woodcut appeared in Grabriel Schnellboltz' Wahrhafftige Bildnisse etlicher Fuersten (Wittenberg, 1562) and the Augspurgische Confession (Frankfurt an der Oder:, Eichorn, 1572).

A woodcut containing a portrait of Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg kneeling before a crucifix. This woodcut likekly originated as a broadsheet since there are no signs of letterpress on the back. The same woodcut appeared in Grabriel Schnellboltz' Wahrhafftige Bildnisse etlicher Fuersten (Wittenberg, 1562) and the Augspurgische Confession (Frankfurt an der Oder:, Eichorn, 1572).

A woodcut containing a portrait of John Frederick (Johann Friedrich) reading a book and praying before a crucifix. Frederick was a leader of the Schmalkaldic League and fought for Luther's cause against the Imperial troops. The league was defeated in the Battle of Muehlberg in April of 1547. Frederick was wounded by a slash across his left cheek, captured, condemned to death, but ultimately pardoned and reinstated as duke in Weimar. After 1547, however, the Electoral power had fallen to the rivalling Albertininian line of the dynasty residing in Dresden.

A woodcut containing a portrait of John Frederick (Johann Friedrich) reading a book and praying before a crucifix. Frederick was a leader of the Schmalkaldic League and fought for Luther's cause against the Imperial troops. The league was defeated in the Battle of Muehlberg in April of 1547. Frederick was wounded by a slash across his left cheek, captured, condemned to death, but ultimately pardoned and reinstated as duke in Weimar. After 1547, however, the Electoral power had fallen to the rivalling Albertininian line of the dynasty residing in Dresden.

A woodcut depicting the rite of excommunication. The bishop sits surrounded by twelve priests in a public place, each with a lit candle in his hand, as he pronounces the anathema against the one to be excommunicated, after which all strike out their candles against the ground. The scene is flanked by ornamental scroll work featuring cherubs. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the rite of excommunication. The bishop sits surrounded by twelve priests in a public place, each with a lit candle in his hand, as he pronounces the anathema against the one to be excommunicated, after which all strike out their candles against the ground. The scene is flanked by ornamental scroll work featuring cherubs. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting Adam and Eve being driven from the garden of Eden by an angel. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Genesis 3 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting Adam and Eve being driven from the garden of Eden by an angel. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Genesis 3 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut floorplan depicting the building complex in the Vatican where the Papal conclave is held. Buildings in this area include St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and the Vatican Palace.

A woodcut floorplan depicting the building complex in the Vatican where the Papal conclave is held. Buildings in this area include St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and the Vatican Palace.