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A woodcut depicting a synod gathering of a diocese. A bishop sits surrounded by priests as an archdeacon proclaims the faith from the pulpit. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs holding rings and kneeling on helmets. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting a synod gathering of a diocese. A bishop sits surrounded by priests as an archdeacon proclaims the faith from the pulpit. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs holding rings and kneeling on helmets. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting a synod gathering. A bishop sits in the center of a group of priests as an archdeacon reads prom the pulpit. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs standing atop eagles and holding bags of snakes. This woodcut is reused several times throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting a synod gathering. A bishop sits in the center of a group of priests as an archdeacon reads prom the pulpit. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs standing atop eagles and holding bags of snakes. This woodcut is reused several times throughout the work.

A pair of engravings depicting a Catholic wedding ceremony (top) and a priest blessing a newlywed couple's nuptial bed (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting a Catholic wedding ceremony (top) and a priest blessing a newlywed couple's nuptial bed (bottom).

A formal certificate confirming the appointment of Charles Minot Griffith as a Deacon in the Western South America Mission Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The certificate was signed in Concepción, Chile, on February 27, 1898, by Bishop Henry White Warren.

A formal certificate confirming the appointment of Charles Minot Griffith as a Deacon in the Western South America Mission Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The certificate was signed in Concepción, Chile, on February 27, 1898, by Bishop Henry White Warren.

A formal Certificate of Location confirming that Charles Minot Griffith was officially located to the Western South America Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church as a Deacon on his own request. The certificate was signed in Concepción, Chile, on February 20, 1903, by Isaac W. Joyce, the president of the Western South America Annual Conference.

A formal Certificate of Location confirming that Charles Minot Griffith was officially located to the Western South America Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church as a Deacon on his own request. The certificate was signed in Concepción, Chile, on February 20, 1903, by Isaac W. Joyce, the president of the Western South America Annual Conference.

A woodcut depicting the dedication or consecration of a church. A bishop follows a procession of preists bearing a container of relics draped in ornate fabric to be placed inside the altar. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs standing atop eagles and bags of snakes. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the dedication or consecration of a church. A bishop follows a procession of preists bearing a container of relics draped in ornate fabric to be placed inside the altar. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs standing atop eagles and bags of snakes. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the rite of excommunication. The bishop sits surrounded by twelve priests in a public place, each with a lit candle in his hand, as he pronounces the anathema against the one to be excommunicated, after which all strike out their candles against the ground. The scene is flanked by ornamental scroll work featuring cherubs. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the rite of excommunication. The bishop sits surrounded by twelve priests in a public place, each with a lit candle in his hand, as he pronounces the anathema against the one to be excommunicated, after which all strike out their candles against the ground. The scene is flanked by ornamental scroll work featuring cherubs. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

An engraving depicting the execution of William White, a preacher and accused heretic. The image shows william standing before the stake he is to be burned at, while a bishop oversees the proceedings.

An engraving depicting the execution of William White, a preacher and accused heretic. The image shows william standing before the stake he is to be burned at, while a bishop oversees the proceedings.

An engraving depicting the arrest of Hans Smit and his congregation. The image shows a number of men, women, and an infant being bound and led out of a house by guards with halberds.

An engraving depicting the arrest of Hans Smit and his congregation. The image shows a number of men, women, and an infant being bound and led out of a house by guards with halberds.

A note from Robert Paine to Thomas Stringfield directing Stringfield to preach in Shelbyville and Murfreesboro before attending the Quarterly Meeting, requesting that he manage Paine's Black class in Shelbyville, directing him to collect (but not read) any correspondence directed to Paine, providing directions for accounting for and selling an order of books, and requesting that Stringfield arrange for some of Paine's clothes to be sent to him.

A note from Robert Paine to Thomas Stringfield directing Stringfield to preach in Shelbyville and Murfreesboro before attending the Quarterly Meeting, requesting that he manage Paine's Black class in Shelbyville, directing him to collect (but not read) any correspondence directed to Paine, providing directions for accounting for and selling an order of books, and requesting that Stringfield arrange for some of Paine's clothes to be sent to him.

A pair of engravings depicting the display of the body within a coffin before the house of the deceased or their family (top) and the offering of the Eucherist during a mass of requiem for the dead (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting the display of the body within a coffin before the house of the deceased or their family (top) and the offering of the Eucherist during a mass of requiem for the dead (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting the brit milah (ritual circumcision) (top) and the pidyon haben (redemption of the firstborn son) (bottom). The top engraving shows the family of the infant gathered as the rabbi oversees the proceedure. The bottom engraving shows the family of the child gathered around as the father presents the first-born son to the kohen (a priest directly descended from Aaron).

A pair of engravings depicting the brit milah (ritual circumcision) (top) and the pidyon haben (redemption of the firstborn son) (bottom). The top engraving shows the family of the infant gathered as the rabbi oversees the proceedure. The bottom engraving shows the family of the child gathered around as the father presents the first-born son to the kohen (a priest directly descended from Aaron).

A pair of engravings depicting parishioners taking Communion (top) and a priest delivering the Eucharist as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting parishioners taking Communion (top) and a priest delivering the Eucharist as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting penitents stepping into the confessional to confess their sins to a priest (top) and a priest anointing a dying man as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting penitents stepping into the confessional to confess their sins to a priest (top) and a priest anointing a dying man as part of the last rites (bottom).

A woodcut depicting the rite of laying on of hands. The bishop places his hands on the head of the ordainee, who kneels before him, holding vestments folded over his arms. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs holding rings and kneeling atop helmets. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the rite of laying on of hands. The bishop places his hands on the head of the ordainee, who kneels before him, holding vestments folded over his arms. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs holding rings and kneeling atop helmets. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A pair of engravings depicting two methods of baptism. The top scene shows a Catholic priest baptising an infant at a font. The bottom scene shows a midwife baptising a child after birth.

A pair of engravings depicting two methods of baptism. The top scene shows a Catholic priest baptising an infant at a font. The bottom scene shows a midwife baptising a child after birth.

An engraving depicting Hungarian Protestant priests forced into labor aboard Neopolitan galleys. The image shows groups of priests being placed on small boats for transfer to galleys (background) in Naples.

An engraving depicting Hungarian Protestant priests forced into labor aboard Neopolitan galleys. The image shows groups of priests being placed on small boats for transfer to galleys (background) in Naples.

A pair of engravings depicting a kohen (priest descended directly from Aaron) reciting prayers in the synagogue (top) and a rabbi lifting the Torah scroll for the gathered worshipers to see (bottom). The top engraving shows the kohen on the right with worshipers gathered around wearing tallitot and is labeled as "Synagogue des Juifs Portugais a la Haye" (the Synagogue of the Portuguese Jews in the Hague). The bottom engraving shows a gathering of Jewish worhipers, most wearing tallitot, looking on as a rabbi raises the Torah scroll.

A pair of engravings depicting a kohen (priest descended directly from Aaron) reciting prayers in the synagogue (top) and a rabbi lifting the Torah scroll for the gathered worshipers to see (bottom). The top engraving shows the kohen on the right with worshipers gathered around wearing tallitot and is labeled as "Synagogue des Juifs Portugais a la Haye" (the Synagogue of the Portuguese Jews in the Hague). The bottom engraving shows a gathering of Jewish worhipers, most wearing tallitot, looking on as a rabbi raises the Torah scroll.

A letter from D. R. McAnally to Robert Paine discussing the establishment of two new congregations, asking Paine's advice on how to proceed with the establishment of a Sunday School focused on the German population in the city, and reporting on the progress of his work in St. Louis, mentioning brewing conflict in the Kentucky (Louisville) Conference.

A letter from D. R. McAnally to Robert Paine discussing the establishment of two new congregations, asking Paine's advice on how to proceed with the establishment of a Sunday School focused on the German population in the city, and reporting on the progress of his work in St. Louis, mentioning brewing conflict in the Kentucky (Louisville) Conference.

A letter from D. S. Doggett to Robert Paine asking for his thoughts on the case of Richard Smiley who is under investigation with the possibility of suspension from the conference, discussing Doggett's decision to temporarily replace Smiley with another preacher (Starr), asking if Paine might send another man to assist, and speaking to the uncertain position of Virginia in regards to the formation of the Confederacy and withdrawal from the Union.

A letter from D. S. Doggett to Robert Paine asking for his thoughts on the case of Richard Smiley who is under investigation with the possibility of suspension from the conference, discussing Doggett's decision to temporarily replace Smiley with another preacher (Starr), asking if Paine might send another man to assist, and speaking to the uncertain position of Virginia in regards to the formation of the Confederacy and withdrawal from the Union.

A letter from Edmund W. Sehon to Robert Paine providing an update on his health, reporting that the Board of Missions has approved two of Paine's candidates to travel to California, explaining why the Board of Missions did not approve another two of Paine's candidates for California, and sharing his intentions to attend a number of conferences later in the year.

A letter from Edmund W. Sehon to Robert Paine providing an update on his health, reporting that the Board of Missions has approved two of Paine's candidates to travel to California, explaining why the Board of Missions did not approve another two of Paine's candidates for California, and sharing his intentions to attend a number of conferences later in the year.