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An architectural historiated woodcut border on the title page of the second printing of Philip Melanchthon's inagural address to the Wittenberg faculty. The border features the printer's device of Johann Froben, a shield with a caduceus, surrounded by a wreath. At the bottom is a scene of Salome requesting, and recieving, the head of John the Baptist.

An architectural historiated woodcut border on the title page of the second printing of Philip Melanchthon's inagural address to the Wittenberg faculty. The border features the printer's device of Johann Froben, a shield with a caduceus, surrounded by a wreath. At the bottom is a scene of Salome requesting, and recieving, the head of John the Baptist.

Leaf CI of the German Nuremberg Chronicle, with a large woodcut, colorized by hand, depicting Christ enthroned, surrounded by the Apostles.

Leaf CI of the German Nuremberg Chronicle, with a large woodcut, colorized by hand, depicting Christ enthroned, surrounded by the Apostles.

A woodcut border to Luther's Christmas sermon printed in 1523. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a pair of armed cherubs (top), a cherub, bird, and monkey climbing a pair of grapevines (sides), and a pair of kneeling men flanking the printer's mark of Michel Buchfürer featuring a bull (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Christmas sermon printed in 1523. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a pair of armed cherubs (top), a cherub, bird, and monkey climbing a pair of grapevines (sides), and a pair of kneeling men flanking the printer's mark of Michel Buchfürer featuring a bull (bottom).

A woodcut border to a collection of Luther's sermons printed in 1523. The border is comprised of a single woodcut and depicts a forest filled with deer, lions, horses, a unicorn, and a pair of cherubs holding rabbits and a shield (bottom). At the top of the woodcut, a dove with a branch in its mouth sits above a pair of decorative dragons above a frame surrounding the title.

A woodcut border to a collection of Luther's sermons printed in 1523. The border is comprised of a single woodcut and depicts a forest filled with deer, lions, horses, a unicorn, and a pair of cherubs holding rabbits and a shield (bottom). At the top of the woodcut, a dove with a branch in its mouth sits above a pair of decorative dragons above a frame surrounding the title.

The title page of Michael Denis' Annalium typographicorum v. cl. Michaelis Maittaire supplementum featuring an image of a crowned woman sitting on a block bearing the two-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire as she arranges a board of movable type. A printing press sits to the woman's left, a line of drying pages in the background, and a child (possibly a cherub) sitting at a small table to her right.

The title page of Michael Denis' Annalium typographicorum v. cl. Michaelis Maittaire supplementum featuring an image of a crowned woman sitting on a block bearing the two-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire as she arranges a board of movable type. A printing press sits to the woman's left, a line of drying pages in the background, and a child (possibly a cherub) sitting at a small table to her right.

The title page of Sebastian Münster's Arukh ha-shorashot = Dictionarium Hebraicum : nunc primum aeditum & typis excusum : Adiectis Chaldaicis uocabulis non parum multis featuring the printer's mark of Johann Froben, a pair of hands supporting a caduceus.

The title page of Sebastian Münster's Arukh ha-shorashot = Dictionarium Hebraicum : nunc primum aeditum & typis excusum : Adiectis Chaldaicis uocabulis non parum multis featuring the printer's mark of Johann Froben, a pair of hands supporting a caduceus.

The title page of Martin Luther's Auff des bocks zu Leypczick Antwort featuring several scenes, including: two men operating a printing press (bottom left), a man wearing worn clothes and carrying two flaggons and a cup with bees flying arouns his head (center left), an owl being harrassed by smaller birds (top right), an eagle (top center), a bear attacking a cow (top right), a dog attacking a deer (top-center right), a wolf attacking a sheep (bottom-center right), a man with a pole and a satchel (bottom right), and a heron standing beside Johann Rhau-Grunenberg's monogram "IG

The title page of Martin Luther's Auff des bocks zu Leypczick Antwort featuring several scenes, including: two men operating a printing press (bottom left), a man wearing worn clothes and carrying two flaggons and a cup with bees flying arouns his head (center left), an owl being harrassed by smaller birds (top right), an eagle (top center), a bear attacking a cow (top right), a dog attacking a deer (top-center right), a wolf attacking a sheep (bottom-center right), a man with a pole and a satchel (bottom right), and a heron standing beside Johann Rhau-Grunenberg's monogram "IG

The title page of Biblia : habes in hoc libro prudens lector vtriusq[ue] instrumenti nouam tran[s]latione[m] aeditum... featuring an architectural border decorated with portraits of Catholic saints. At the top of the border is an image of the pope flanked by cardinals and supported by a pair of cherubs holding horns and crests featuring a printer's mark. Along both sides are portraits of saints frmed with laurels, including: Jerome, Augustine, Gregory, Ambrosius, Hugo, Bernard, Thomas, Ireneus, and two unnamed saints.

The title page of Biblia : habes in hoc libro prudens lector vtriusq[ue] instrumenti nouam tran[s]latione[m] aeditum... featuring an architectural border decorated with portraits of Catholic saints. At the top of the border is an image of the pope flanked by cardinals and supported by a pair of cherubs holding horns and crests featuring a printer's mark. Along both sides are portraits of saints frmed with laurels, including: Jerome, Augustine, Gregory, Ambrosius, Hugo, Bernard, Thomas, Ireneus, and two unnamed saints.

The title page of Clarorum virorum epistolae Latinae, Graecae, & Hebraicae : uarijs temporibus missae ad Ioannem Reuchlin Phorcensem, LL. Doctorem featuring the printer's mark of Christoph Froschauer which depicts a tree bearing a banner with his name and surrounded with frogs (a play on "Froschauer" which means "frog meadow").

The title page of Clarorum virorum epistolae Latinae, Graecae, & Hebraicae : uarijs temporibus missae ad Ioannem Reuchlin Phorcensem, LL. Doctorem featuring the printer's mark of Christoph Froschauer which depicts a tree bearing a banner with his name and surrounded with frogs (a play on "Froschauer" which means "frog meadow").

The title page of Thomas Netter's Doctrinalis antiquitatu[m] ecclesiae Iesu Christi liber quintus, ac tomus secundus de sacramentis, editus in Vvitcleffistas, & eoru[m] asseclas featuring a central image of a printer's workshop with two men operating the press and a third arranging type. A decorative border surrounds the title and cetral image, including several cherubs, stylized fish, sirens, and armor.

The title page of Thomas Netter's Doctrinalis antiquitatu[m] ecclesiae Iesu Christi liber quintus, ac tomus secundus de sacramentis, editus in Vvitcleffistas, & eoru[m] asseclas featuring a central image of a printer's workshop with two men operating the press and a third arranging type. A decorative border surrounds the title and cetral image, including several cherubs, stylized fish, sirens, and armor.

The title page of Diego de Saavedra Fajardo's Obras de Don Diego de Saauedra Faxardo Cavallero del Orden de S. Iago, del Consejo de su Magestad en el Supremo de las Indias, y su Embajador plenipotençiario en los treze cantones, &c. : en dos tomos divididas, el [segundo] contiene II. La republica litteraria. El segundo corona Gothica, Austriaca y Castellana dividida en tres partes featuring the printer's mark of Jan Baptist Verdussen. The mark features a heron feeding its young.

The title page of Diego de Saavedra Fajardo's Obras de Don Diego de Saauedra Faxardo Cavallero del Orden de S. Iago, del Consejo de su Magestad en el Supremo de las Indias, y su Embajador plenipotençiario en los treze cantones, &c. : en dos tomos divididas, el [segundo] contiene II. La republica litteraria. El segundo corona Gothica, Austriaca y Castellana dividida en tres partes featuring the printer's mark of Jan Baptist Verdussen. The mark features a heron feeding its young.

The title page of Diego de Saavedra Fajardo's Obras de Don Diego de Saauedra Faxardo Cavallero del Orden de S. Iago, del Consejo de su Magestad en el Supremo de las Indias, y su Embajador plenipotençiario en los treze cantones, &c. : en dos tomos divididas, el primero contiene I. Idea de un principe politico christiano, representada en cien Empresas featuring the printer's mark of Jan Baptist Verdussen. The mark features a heron feeding its young, flanked by a pair of cherubs holding fruits, with the inscription "SIGNVM AMORIS," translated as "A sign of love."

The title page of Diego de Saavedra Fajardo's Obras de Don Diego de Saauedra Faxardo Cavallero del Orden de S. Iago, del Consejo de su Magestad en el Supremo de las Indias, y su Embajador plenipotençiario en los treze cantones, &c. : en dos tomos divididas, el primero contiene I. Idea de un principe politico christiano, representada en cien Empresas featuring the printer's mark of Jan Baptist Verdussen. The mark features a heron feeding its young, flanked by a pair of cherubs holding fruits, with the inscription "SIGNVM AMORIS," translated as "A sign of love."

The title page of Ptolemy's [Klaudiou Ptolemaiou Alexandreōs ... Peri tēs geōgraphias biblia octō meta pasēs akribeias entupothenta (romanized form)] = Claudii Ptolemaei Alexandrini De geographia libri octo : summa cum uigilantia excusi featuring the printer's mark of Johann Froben, a pair of hands supporting a caduceus.

The title page of Ptolemy's [Klaudiou Ptolemaiou Alexandreōs ... Peri tēs geōgraphias biblia octō meta pasēs akribeias entupothenta (romanized form)] = Claudii Ptolemaei Alexandrini De geographia libri octo : summa cum uigilantia excusi featuring the printer's mark of Johann Froben, a pair of hands supporting a caduceus.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Resolutiones Lutherianae super propositionibus suis Lipsiae disputatis printed in 1519. The border depicts a fox chasing a bird (bottom), three boars (one holding a sword, one stirring a pot, and one wearing a crown and holding a scepter; right), a man with a comb (?) (top), and two men (one with a bucket and the other working a printing press; left).

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Resolutiones Lutherianae super propositionibus suis Lipsiae disputatis printed in 1519. The border depicts a fox chasing a bird (bottom), three boars (one holding a sword, one stirring a pot, and one wearing a crown and holding a scepter; right), a man with a comb (?) (top), and two men (one with a bucket and the other working a printing press; left).

A woodcut depicting Saint Jerome in prototypical fashion, kneeling before a crucifix and smiting himself on the chest with a stone. It also includes two of the other 'attributes' that typically occur in his portraits: the lion and the cardinal’s hat. The printer, Wolfgang Stöckel may have used it as a kind of printer's device, and some have characterized it as a loose copy of the work of Wolf Traut.

A woodcut depicting Saint Jerome in prototypical fashion, kneeling before a crucifix and smiting himself on the chest with a stone. It also includes two of the other 'attributes' that typically occur in his portraits: the lion and the cardinal’s hat. The printer, Wolfgang Stöckel may have used it as a kind of printer's device, and some have characterized it as a loose copy of the work of Wolf Traut.

A woodcut image, possibly a printer's mark of Johann Schott, depicting God's hand descending from Heaven grasping a mace with a nest of storks on top of it (top left) and a fallen knight beneath the mace (bottom). Above and below the mark are the words "Allein Gott eer" (above) and "Aller Gewalt von Gott" (below).

A woodcut image, possibly a printer's mark of Johann Schott, depicting God's hand descending from Heaven grasping a mace with a nest of storks on top of it (top left) and a fallen knight beneath the mace (bottom). Above and below the mark are the words "Allein Gott eer" (above) and "Aller Gewalt von Gott" (below).

A woodcut image, possibly a printer's mark of Johann Schott, depicting God's hand descending from Heaven grasping a mace with a nest of storks on top of it (top left) and a fallen knight beneath the mace (bottom). Four lines of text in German, Latin, Hebrew, and Greek, surround the image: "Aller Gewalt von Gott" (top), ": מרשךרם חשפסך בנר אךם" (right), "Parcere Subiectis, & debellare Superbos" (bottom), "πἃδα ψυχη' έξουσί'αισ ύπερεχούδαισ ύποταδδε'ολω" (left).

A woodcut image, possibly a printer's mark of Johann Schott, depicting God's hand descending from Heaven grasping a mace with a nest of storks on top of it (top left) and a fallen knight beneath the mace (bottom). Four lines of text in German, Latin, Hebrew, and Greek, surround the image: "Aller Gewalt von Gott" (top), ": מרשךרם חשפסך בנר אךם" (right), "Parcere Subiectis, & debellare Superbos" (bottom), "πἃδα ψυχη' έξουσί'αισ ύπερεχούδαισ ύποταδδε'ολω" (left).

A woodcut of the printer's device (or mark) of Johann Rhau-Grunenberg, featuring his initials, "IG," and a small hill decorated with a number of different plants. The printer's mark is placed just below the colophon.

A woodcut of the printer's device (or mark) of Johann Rhau-Grunenberg, featuring his initials, "IG," and a small hill decorated with a number of different plants. The printer's mark is placed just below the colophon.

A woodcut of Johann Schott's printer's device, depicting a pair of dogs fighting, each biting the other's back and the initials "RSM". This version includes additional rubrication to highlight the points where each dog is biting.

A woodcut of Johann Schott's printer's device, depicting a pair of dogs fighting, each biting the other's back and the initials "RSM". This version includes additional rubrication to highlight the points where each dog is biting.

A woodcut of Johann Schott's printer's device, depicting a pair of dogs fighting, each biting the other's back and the initials "RSM".

A woodcut of Johann Schott's printer's device, depicting a pair of dogs fighting, each biting the other's back and the initials "RSM".

A woodcut depicting the printer's device of Martin Landsberg. The mark consists of two shields, one with what could be a stylized ox or cow head and a star (left) and the second with a city by a river (right). Per Davies in "Devices of the Early Printers, Vol. 9, pg. 196, "The town represented is on mounds in the former; here water seems to be indicated. If the allusion was originally to "Land" and "Berg", it is therefore now lost."

A woodcut depicting the printer's device of Martin Landsberg. The mark consists of two shields, one with what could be a stylized ox or cow head and a star (left) and the second with a city by a river (right). Per Davies in "Devices of the Early Printers, Vol. 9, pg. 196, "The town represented is on mounds in the former; here water seems to be indicated. If the allusion was originally to "Land" and "Berg", it is therefore now lost."