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A woodcut title page to Johann Eck's Chrysopassus, printed in 1514. The main image depicts God, flanked by angels, reaching down to place a crown on the head of Jacob as his twin brother, Esau, looks on. A dog is seated at Esau's feet. Surrounding the central image is an architectural border featuring the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Emperor in the top left, and the symbol of the city of Augsburg, a pine cone, in the top right.

A woodcut title page to Johann Eck's Chrysopassus, printed in 1514. The main image depicts God, flanked by angels, reaching down to place a crown on the head of Jacob as his twin brother, Esau, looks on. A dog is seated at Esau's feet. Surrounding the central image is an architectural border featuring the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Emperor in the top left, and the symbol of the city of Augsburg, a pine cone, in the top right.

A woodcut border on the title page of Karlstadt's treatise on which books should be considered canonical alongside the Bible. The border is made up of four separate woodcuts, all with unique floral designs.

A woodcut border on the title page of Karlstadt's treatise on which books should be considered canonical alongside the Bible. The border is made up of four separate woodcuts, all with unique floral designs.

A woodcut border on the title page to Luther's Ad Johannem Ecciu[m] printed in 1519. The border depicts a variety of plants and animals, including a crane or heron and a squirrel.

A woodcut border on the title page to Luther's Ad Johannem Ecciu[m] printed in 1519. The border depicts a variety of plants and animals, including a crane or heron and a squirrel.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Ad dialogum Syluestri Prieratis Magistri Palatii de potestate Pape Responsio printed in 1518. Along the bottom margin, the border features three portraits, one of the Virgin Mary holding Jesus, one of a saint holding a spear and a book (possibly Saint Longinus), and one of a pope. Along both side margins are a series of decorative elements, including a cherub, two men chasing each other around a column, a pair of cats, a goose, and a trio of women.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Ad dialogum Syluestri Prieratis Magistri Palatii de potestate Pape Responsio printed in 1518. Along the bottom margin, the border features three portraits, one of the Virgin Mary holding Jesus, one of a saint holding a spear and a book (possibly Saint Longinus), and one of a pope. Along both side margins are a series of decorative elements, including a cherub, two men chasing each other around a column, a pair of cats, a goose, and a trio of women.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Ain Sermon Secundum Matheum printed in 1522. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts an architectural arch or nice decorated with plant motifs. Within the border and below the title, a cherub is depicted holding the Electoral Arms of Saxony (left) and the Ducal Arms of Saxony (right).

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Ain Sermon Secundum Matheum printed in 1522. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts an architectural arch or nice decorated with plant motifs. Within the border and below the title, a cherub is depicted holding the Electoral Arms of Saxony (left) and the Ducal Arms of Saxony (right).

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Christlicher Beweisung von dem Jungsten Tag printed in 1522. The border is composed of five woodcuts arranged around the title. The bottom of the border is made up of two decorative woodcuts, one featuring a bird amongst foliage (possibly a woodcut usually used for either the left or right side of a title page border, considering the orienation of the bird) and a more architectural decorative image. The left and right sides feature two similar pieces featuring blank crests, plinths and foliage.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Christlicher Beweisung von dem Jungsten Tag printed in 1522. The border is composed of five woodcuts arranged around the title. The bottom of the border is made up of two decorative woodcuts, one featuring a bird amongst foliage (possibly a woodcut usually used for either the left or right side of a title page border, considering the orienation of the bird) and a more architectural decorative image. The left and right sides feature two similar pieces featuring blank crests, plinths and foliage.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's De captivitate babylonica ecclesiae printed in 1520. The border is comprised of a single woodcut. At the bottom, there is a crest with the Brazen Serpent coiled around a cross with two men pulling it from either side. On the sides, there are two plinths, cherubs, and riders atop a pair of centaur-like figures. At the top, there is another crest featuring two towers and a striped shield.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's De captivitate babylonica ecclesiae printed in 1520. The border is comprised of a single woodcut. At the bottom, there is a crest with the Brazen Serpent coiled around a cross with two men pulling it from either side. On the sides, there are two plinths, cherubs, and riders atop a pair of centaur-like figures. At the top, there is another crest featuring two towers and a striped shield.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Uon Menschenn Lere zu meyden printed in 1522. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting two birds flanking a plinth (top), a man wearing a hat and playing a flute with a bee at his shoulder (right), two cherubs holding up a blank crest (bottom), and a humanoid fiure with a pig or cow's head holding a rosary (right).

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Uon Menschenn Lere zu meyden printed in 1522. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting two birds flanking a plinth (top), a man wearing a hat and playing a flute with a bee at his shoulder (right), two cherubs holding up a blank crest (bottom), and a humanoid fiure with a pig or cow's head holding a rosary (right).

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's De votis monasticis judicium printed in 1522. The border is printed as a single woodcut and depicts an archway with cherubs playing the drum and flute (top), and cherubs holding the Electoral Arms of Saxony (left) and the Ducal Arms of Saxony (right).

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's De votis monasticis judicium printed in 1522. The border is printed as a single woodcut and depicts an archway with cherubs playing the drum and flute (top), and cherubs holding the Electoral Arms of Saxony (left) and the Ducal Arms of Saxony (right).

A woodcut border and central illustration on the title page toLuther's Disputatio domini Johannis Eccij et P. Martini Luther in Studio Lipsiensi futura printed in 1519. The border is composed of four separate decorative woodcuts: the left and top ones featuring plants and flowers, the right one depicting a stick with a ribbon coiled around it and stars in the background, and the bottom one depicting a monkey amidst floral ornaments. At the center of the page is a separate woodcut depicting John the Baptist carrying the Lamb of God.

A woodcut border and central illustration on the title page toLuther's Disputatio domini Johannis Eccij et P. Martini Luther in Studio Lipsiensi futura printed in 1519. The border is composed of four separate decorative woodcuts: the left and top ones featuring plants and flowers, the right one depicting a stick with a ribbon coiled around it and stars in the background, and the bottom one depicting a monkey amidst floral ornaments. At the center of the page is a separate woodcut depicting John the Baptist carrying the Lamb of God.

A woodcut border and central illustration on the title page to Luther's Disputatio et excusatio printed in 1519. The border is composed of four separate decorative woodcuts: the left and top ones featuring plants and flowers, the right one depicting a stick with a ribbon coiled around it and stars in the background, and the bottom one depicting a monkey amidst floral ornaments. At the center of the page is a separate woodcut depicting a bishop, carrying a staff and book.

A woodcut border and central illustration on the title page to Luther's Disputatio et excusatio printed in 1519. The border is composed of four separate decorative woodcuts: the left and top ones featuring plants and flowers, the right one depicting a stick with a ribbon coiled around it and stars in the background, and the bottom one depicting a monkey amidst floral ornaments. At the center of the page is a separate woodcut depicting a bishop, carrying a staff and book.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Iudicium de votis printed in 1521. The border is done as a single woodcut depicting a monk (left), a nun (right), a Green Man of pagan and Christian lore (bottom), and a bowl of fruit (top). The intermediate spaces are filled with floral and plant decorative motifs.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Iudicium de votis printed in 1521. The border is done as a single woodcut depicting a monk (left), a nun (right), a Green Man of pagan and Christian lore (bottom), and a bowl of fruit (top). The intermediate spaces are filled with floral and plant decorative motifs.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Sermo de penitentia printed in 1519. Along the bottom margin, the border features three portraits, one of the Virgin Mary holding Jesus, one of a saint holding a spear and a book (possibly Saint Longinus), and one of a pope. Along both side margins are a series of decorative elements, including a cherub, two men chasing each other around a column, a pair of cats, a goose, and a trio of women. At the top of the page, there is a scene of two women with fish tails for legs (possibly a reference to Scylla) flanking a running boy and bird.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Sermo de penitentia printed in 1519. Along the bottom margin, the border features three portraits, one of the Virgin Mary holding Jesus, one of a saint holding a spear and a book (possibly Saint Longinus), and one of a pope. Along both side margins are a series of decorative elements, including a cherub, two men chasing each other around a column, a pair of cats, a goose, and a trio of women. At the top of the page, there is a scene of two women with fish tails for legs (possibly a reference to Scylla) flanking a running boy and bird.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Sermon Am Pfingstmontag das Evangelium. Joan. iij printed in 1522. The border consists of a single woodcut and depicts an architectural arch or niche decorated with Corinthian columns (sides), a lady and a knight holding blank shields (top left and right), a pair of sirens holding a blank shield (top), a blank shield filled in with a hand-drawn symbol flanked by two cherubs playing the drums and flute (bottom).

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Sermon Am Pfingstmontag das Evangelium. Joan. iij printed in 1522. The border consists of a single woodcut and depicts an architectural arch or niche decorated with Corinthian columns (sides), a lady and a knight holding blank shields (top left and right), a pair of sirens holding a blank shield (top), a blank shield filled in with a hand-drawn symbol flanked by two cherubs playing the drums and flute (bottom).

A woodcut border on the title page to Luther's Sermon von dem ehelichen Stand printed in 1519. The border depicts a series of cherubs, including two carrying another on a ram's pelt litter while it plays a horn and carries a standard.

A woodcut border on the title page to Luther's Sermon von dem ehelichen Stand printed in 1519. The border depicts a series of cherubs, including two carrying another on a ram's pelt litter while it plays a horn and carries a standard.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Sermon von den Heiltumen printed in 1522. The border consists of four woodcuts, all featuring plant motifs with added elements, including: a bird (left), birds and bugs (top), fruits (right), and an urn (bottom). Within the border and below the title is a fifth woodcut depicting the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, with the Virgin Mary to the left and a saint to the right.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Sermon von den Heiltumen printed in 1522. The border consists of four woodcuts, all featuring plant motifs with added elements, including: a bird (left), birds and bugs (top), fruits (right), and an urn (bottom). Within the border and below the title is a fifth woodcut depicting the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, with the Virgin Mary to the left and a saint to the right.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Uom Missbrauch der Messen printed in 1522.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Uom Missbrauch der Messen printed in 1522.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Uom Missbrauch der Messen printed in 1522.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Uom Missbrauch der Messen printed in 1522.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Uon Menschenn Lere zu meyden printed in 1522. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting two birds flanking a plinth (top), a man wearing a hat and playing a flute with a bee at his shoulder (right), two cherubs holding up a blank crest (bottom), and a humanoid fiure with a pig or cow's head holding a rosary (right).

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Uon Menschenn Lere zu meyden printed in 1522. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting two birds flanking a plinth (top), a man wearing a hat and playing a flute with a bee at his shoulder (right), two cherubs holding up a blank crest (bottom), and a humanoid fiure with a pig or cow's head holding a rosary (right).

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Vom ehelichen Leben printed in 1522.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Vom ehelichen Leben printed in 1522.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Vom ehelichen Leben printed in 1522.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Vom ehelichen Leben printed in 1522.