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Summary: This is the second printing of Luther's Lenten Postils separate from other sermon collections. Kohl of Regensburg had issued the first printing the previous year. Of interest is the large initial on page a3a.

Summary: This is the second printing of Luther's Lenten Postils separate from other sermon collections. Kohl of Regensburg had issued the first printing the previous year. Of interest is the large initial on page a3a.

Summary: The third of three printings of an exposition of Psalm 109 by Luther to be issued in 1518, interpreting the Psalm of the Kingdom and Priesthood of Jesus Christ.

Summary: The third of three printings of an exposition of Psalm 109 by Luther to be issued in 1518, interpreting the Psalm of the Kingdom and Priesthood of Jesus Christ.

Summary: Only edition of an early work by Karlstadt addressing questions of what constitutes a Christian life.

Summary: Only edition of an early work by Karlstadt addressing questions of what constitutes a Christian life.

Summary: A printing of Thomas Müntzer's confession obtained under torture following his capture at the Battle of Frankenhausen in May 1525. Müntzer, the "murderous and bloodthirsty prophet" and the most significant figure in the second, crucial phase of the Peasants' War, one of the bloodiest chapters in the turbulent early history of the German Reformation, which left over 100,000 dead.

Summary: A printing of Thomas Müntzer's confession obtained under torture following his capture at the Battle of Frankenhausen in May 1525. Müntzer, the "murderous and bloodthirsty prophet" and the most significant figure in the second, crucial phase of the Peasants' War, one of the bloodiest chapters in the turbulent early history of the German Reformation, which left over 100,000 dead.

Summary: When Blarer was asked by Duke Ulrich of Württemberg to introduce the Reformation in the duchy, he tried to mediate between Zwingli and the Lutherans in the matter of the eucharist. He came to Stuttgart in 1534 to support a compromise and was criticized for abandoning the position he had held while still in Konstanz. In this tract he defends himself against these criticisms and affirms his support of the Stuttgart Concord.

Summary: When Blarer was asked by Duke Ulrich of Württemberg to introduce the Reformation in the duchy, he tried to mediate between Zwingli and the Lutherans in the matter of the eucharist. He came to Stuttgart in 1534 to support a compromise and was criticized for abandoning the position he had held while still in Konstanz. In this tract he defends himself against these criticisms and affirms his support of the Stuttgart Concord.

Summary: Short tract by Andreas Osiander in defense of his view of justification.

Summary: Short tract by Andreas Osiander in defense of his view of justification.

Summray: Andreas Fabricius was a Lutheran pastor and educator. This short tract is a discussion of biblical law and a defense of the doctrine of justification by faith.

Summray: Andreas Fabricius was a Lutheran pastor and educator. This short tract is a discussion of biblical law and a defense of the doctrine of justification by faith.

Summary: Johannes Brenz's commentary on the book of Joshua, first published in 1549.

Summary: Johannes Brenz's commentary on the book of Joshua, first published in 1549.

Summary: A short tract by Erasmus on the composition of letters.

Summary: A short tract by Erasmus on the composition of letters.

Summary: Joachim Westphal was a gnesio-Lutheran theologian and Superintendent in Hamburg. A major opponent of the Interims of Augsburg and Leipzig, he argued that Catholic liturgical practices were not adiaphora (morally indifferent acts that were either required nor prohibited), but needed to be rejected completely.

Summary: Joachim Westphal was a gnesio-Lutheran theologian and Superintendent in Hamburg. A major opponent of the Interims of Augsburg and Leipzig, he argued that Catholic liturgical practices were not adiaphora (morally indifferent acts that were either required nor prohibited), but needed to be rejected completely.

Summary: First printing of the first edition of Hutten's edition of the papal bull Exsurge Domine, which condemns as heretical 41 statements by Martin Luther and offers Luther 60 days to recant. Hutten issued the bull with the papal coat of arms on the title page, and offers his own glosses, introduction, and call to Leo to keep his bulls to himself, and not to bother the German Protestants any longer.

Summary: First printing of the first edition of Hutten's edition of the papal bull Exsurge Domine, which condemns as heretical 41 statements by Martin Luther and offers Luther 60 days to recant. Hutten issued the bull with the papal coat of arms on the title page, and offers his own glosses, introduction, and call to Leo to keep his bulls to himself, and not to bother the German Protestants any longer.

Summary: Satirical song about the office of the Pope, composed anonymously in response to the execution of Jan Hus in 1415 and published by Matthias Flacius to underscore his opposition to the Catholic Church in all matters following the Interim of Augsburg in 1548.

Summary: Satirical song about the office of the Pope, composed anonymously in response to the execution of Jan Hus in 1415 and published by Matthias Flacius to underscore his opposition to the Catholic Church in all matters following the Interim of Augsburg in 1548.

Summary: C. Schatzgeyer here writes on the veneration of the saints, the "friends of God". Catholic theology makes a sharp distinction between paying honor to saints (dulia) and worship of God (latria). This is the first printing of this work. No one knows for sure when it was written and printed.

Summary: C. Schatzgeyer here writes on the veneration of the saints, the "friends of God". Catholic theology makes a sharp distinction between paying honor to saints (dulia) and worship of God (latria). This is the first printing of this work. No one knows for sure when it was written and printed.

Summary: Catechism by David Chytraeus, a student of Philipp Melanchthon's.

Summary: Catechism by David Chytraeus, a student of Philipp Melanchthon's.

Summary: Johannes Brenz had written the first Protestant catechism in 1527, two years before Luther issued his large and small catechisms. This is a 1552 printing of the work.

Summary: Johannes Brenz had written the first Protestant catechism in 1527, two years before Luther issued his large and small catechisms. This is a 1552 printing of the work.

Summary: Rhegius was a Reformer, active throughout Germany promoting Lutheran unity in the Holy Roman Empire. In 1530 at the Diet of Augsburg he was befriended by Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, under whose patronage he returned to Brunswick where he wrote the present work for Ernest's son, Francis Otto (1530-1559). Like many 16th c. catechisms, Rhegius' is in the form of a dialogue, in this instance between the teacher and the pupil (paedagogus et discipulus).

Summary: Rhegius was a Reformer, active throughout Germany promoting Lutheran unity in the Holy Roman Empire. In 1530 at the Diet of Augsburg he was befriended by Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, under whose patronage he returned to Brunswick where he wrote the present work for Ernest's son, Francis Otto (1530-1559). Like many 16th c. catechisms, Rhegius' is in the form of a dialogue, in this instance between the teacher and the pupil (paedagogus et discipulus).

Summary: Third printing of the Ansbach Catechism by Andreas Althamer and Johannes Rurer, commissioned by Margrave Georg of Brandenburg. It has been called the first regional catechism of the Protestant movement. It contains 92 questions and answers as well as an appendix with 18 prayers.

Summary: Third printing of the Ansbach Catechism by Andreas Althamer and Johannes Rurer, commissioned by Margrave Georg of Brandenburg. It has been called the first regional catechism of the Protestant movement. It contains 92 questions and answers as well as an appendix with 18 prayers.

Summary: Summary-style Lutheran catechism by Sebald Heyden, a humanist scholar and educator in Nuremberg. He was well known as a poet and composer of hymns and his book "De arte candendi" (On the art of singing) had a significant impact on the study and teaching of music.

Summary: Summary-style Lutheran catechism by Sebald Heyden, a humanist scholar and educator in Nuremberg. He was well known as a poet and composer of hymns and his book "De arte candendi" (On the art of singing) had a significant impact on the study and teaching of music.

A woodcut depicting a group of putti (cherubs) parading with grapes and vines. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Philippians 3 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting a group of putti (cherubs) parading with grapes and vines. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Philippians 3 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting Jesus Christ teaching the apostles about the End Times as he gestures towards the heavens, where the sun, moon, and stars can be seen.

A woodcut depicting Jesus Christ teaching the apostles about the End Times as he gestures towards the heavens, where the sun, moon, and stars can be seen.