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A series of six engravings depicting the events surrounding election of new pope. He is adored in the Sistine Chapel (top right), he is adored at thealtar of St. Peter (top left), he witnesses the burning of flax, which represents the fleeting nature of earthly glory (middle right), he is crowned (middle left), he receives a Torah scroll from the Jewish people (bottom right) and receives the keys symbolizing the keys to the Kingdom of heaven.

A series of six engravings depicting the events surrounding election of new pope. He is adored in the Sistine Chapel (top right), he is adored at thealtar of St. Peter (top left), he witnesses the burning of flax, which represents the fleeting nature of earthly glory (middle right), he is crowned (middle left), he receives a Torah scroll from the Jewish people (bottom right) and receives the keys symbolizing the keys to the Kingdom of heaven.

A series of six engravings depicting the process for blessing a new church as it is built. The scenes include a bishop blessing the first stone (top left) and the earth on which the church will be built (top right), a bishop then placing the first stone (middle left) and blessing the church foundation (middle right), a bishop sprinkling holy water on the completed church (bottom left) and making the sign of the cross at the door (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting the process for blessing a new church as it is built. The scenes include a bishop blessing the first stone (top left) and the earth on which the church will be built (top right), a bishop then placing the first stone (middle left) and blessing the church foundation (middle right), a bishop sprinkling holy water on the completed church (bottom left) and making the sign of the cross at the door (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting a variety of Catholic blessings, including: blessing of priestly robes (top left), blessing of the cross (top right), adoration of the cross (middle left), blessing of the sun (middle right) blessing of a soldier (bottom left), and blessing of a flag (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting a variety of Catholic blessings, including: blessing of priestly robes (top left), blessing of the cross (top right), adoration of the cross (middle left), blessing of the sun (middle right) blessing of a soldier (bottom left), and blessing of a flag (bottom right).

A pair of engravings depicting Jewish weddings in Portugal (top) and Germany (bottom). The Portugese wedding shows a gathering indoors, the bride sitting beneath a canopy on a dais as the groom raises a glass to toss it down and break. The German wedding shows a gathering outdoors, the bride and groom trading rings beneath a tallit as the rabbi guides them.

A pair of engravings depicting Jewish weddings in Portugal (top) and Germany (bottom). The Portugese wedding shows a gathering indoors, the bride sitting beneath a canopy on a dais as the groom raises a glass to toss it down and break. The German wedding shows a gathering outdoors, the bride and groom trading rings beneath a tallit as the rabbi guides them.

A pair of engravings depicting a Catholic wedding ceremony (top) and a priest blessing a newlywed couple's nuptial bed (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting a Catholic wedding ceremony (top) and a priest blessing a newlywed couple's nuptial bed (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting the rites of confirmation including the anointment (top) and the laying on of hands (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting the rites of confirmation including the anointment (top) and the laying on of hands (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting the observance of Maundy Thursday (top) by washing the feet of twelve poor people, and Good Friday (bottom) by offering addoration to the Cross.

A pair of engravings depicting the observance of Maundy Thursday (top) by washing the feet of twelve poor people, and Good Friday (bottom) by offering addoration to the Cross.

A series of four engravings depicting four people sentenced to be burnt at the stake by the Inquisition. The man and young woman at the top of the page confessed and thus avoided their punishment, while the woman and man on the bottom have yet to confess.

A series of four engravings depicting four people sentenced to be burnt at the stake by the Inquisition. The man and young woman at the top of the page confessed and thus avoided their punishment, while the woman and man on the bottom have yet to confess.

A series of six engravings depicting the steps of consecration for new items within a church, including a cross, a bell and a statue.

A series of six engravings depicting the steps of consecration for new items within a church, including a cross, a bell and a statue.

A series of six engravings depicting the process of blessing an altar. The scenes include (top left), a bishop following behind a subdeacon spreading ash on the ground writing the Latin and Greek alphabets in a cross shape (top left), a bishop anointing the altar (middle left) and the floor (middle right) with holy water, a procession bringng relics into the church (bottom left), and a bishop placing the relics inside the altar (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting the process of blessing an altar. The scenes include (top left), a bishop following behind a subdeacon spreading ash on the ground writing the Latin and Greek alphabets in a cross shape (top left), a bishop anointing the altar (middle left) and the floor (middle right) with holy water, a procession bringng relics into the church (bottom left), and a bishop placing the relics inside the altar (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting the process of consecrating the interior of a church with holy oil. The scenes show a bishop anointing and consecrating parts of a church, known as chrism, including crosses on the walls, the trappings of the altar, and the altar itself.

A series of six engravings depicting the process of consecrating the interior of a church with holy oil. The scenes show a bishop anointing and consecrating parts of a church, known as chrism, including crosses on the walls, the trappings of the altar, and the altar itself.

A series of four engravings depicting aspects of religious rituals and practices from ancient Mediterranean cultures, including Greek, Roman, and Egyptian. The engraving on the top right depicts a supplicant praying before a temple of Pomona, the Latin and Roman goddess of fruit trees, gardens, and orchards, who is depicted to the supplicant's left.

A series of four engravings depicting aspects of religious rituals and practices from ancient Mediterranean cultures, including Greek, Roman, and Egyptian. The engraving on the top right depicts a supplicant praying before a temple of Pomona, the Latin and Roman goddess of fruit trees, gardens, and orchards, who is depicted to the supplicant's left.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Poggio Bracciolini hanging in a window above a stack of books on the windowsill with the city of Florence in the distance.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Poggio Bracciolini hanging in a window above a stack of books on the windowsill with the city of Florence in the distance.

A set of six engravings depicting various examples of separation and reconciliation in the Catholic Church. The upper engravings show the degradation and restoration of a bishop. The middle engravings show the extinguishing of a candle, symbolizing excommunication, and the restoration of the excommunicated person to the church . The lower engravings show a heretic seeking reconciliation and being led to the altar by a bishop.

A set of six engravings depicting various examples of separation and reconciliation in the Catholic Church. The upper engravings show the degradation and restoration of a bishop. The middle engravings show the extinguishing of a candle, symbolizing excommunication, and the restoration of the excommunicated person to the church . The lower engravings show a heretic seeking reconciliation and being led to the altar by a bishop.

A series of four engravings depicting four different Catholic trials: trial by hot iron (top left), by boiling water (top right), and two by cold water (bottom).

A series of four engravings depicting four different Catholic trials: trial by hot iron (top left), by boiling water (top right), and two by cold water (bottom).

An engraving depicting a portrait of Pierre de Foix topped with a galero and surrounded by a cherub holding an olive branch and leaning on a column above a multi-headed dragon that has been decapitated. There is an inscription at the bottom reading, "Il finit le Schisme et donna la paix au Siege de Rome."

An engraving depicting a portrait of Pierre de Foix topped with a galero and surrounded by a cherub holding an olive branch and leaning on a column above a multi-headed dragon that has been decapitated. There is an inscription at the bottom reading, "Il finit le Schisme et donna la paix au Siege de Rome."

An engraving depicting a portrait of Frederick IV, Duke of Austria, with his coat of arms below the portrait.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Frederick IV, Duke of Austria, with his coat of arms below the portrait.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Frederick William I of Prussia, possibly after a painting by Antoine Pesne, with a crown, scepter, and orbis cruciger on a cushion to the right of the portrait.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Frederick William I of Prussia, possibly after a painting by Antoine Pesne, with a crown, scepter, and orbis cruciger on a cushion to the right of the portrait.

An engraving depicting a bust of Pope Gregory XII atop a plinth featuring his coat of arms. Surrounding the bust is a broken key and a papal crown, and in the background is a wall depicting what might be the Judgement of Solomon, a possible reference to his oversight of the Council of Constance and the resolution of the Western Schism.

An engraving depicting a bust of Pope Gregory XII atop a plinth featuring his coat of arms. Surrounding the bust is a broken key and a papal crown, and in the background is a wall depicting what might be the Judgement of Solomon, a possible reference to his oversight of the Council of Constance and the resolution of the Western Schism.

An engraved headpiece to the dedication of Lenfant's Histoire du concile de Constance : tirée principalement d'auteurs qui ont assisté au concile depicting an unidentified coat of arms (presumably connected to King Louis XIV of France or the French Royal Family). The coat of arms consist of a pair of wild men as supporters, holding ups a mantle above the shield and crown. The shield depicts approximately twenty-eight different elements of various design, including two smaller shields with crests in the form of crowns.

An engraved headpiece to the dedication of Lenfant's Histoire du concile de Constance : tirée principalement d'auteurs qui ont assisté au concile depicting an unidentified coat of arms (presumably connected to King Louis XIV of France or the French Royal Family). The coat of arms consist of a pair of wild men as supporters, holding ups a mantle above the shield and crown. The shield depicts approximately twenty-eight different elements of various design, including two smaller shields with crests in the form of crowns.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Jan Hus, framed in laurels, with a depiction of his execution by burning at the stake below the portrait.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Jan Hus, framed in laurels, with a depiction of his execution by burning at the stake below the portrait.

An engraving depicting a portrait of John Wycliffe framed in a laurel wreath with a pile of books and papers being burned, representing the declaration by the Council of Constance that his works should be burned.

An engraving depicting a portrait of John Wycliffe framed in a laurel wreath with a pile of books and papers being burned, representing the declaration by the Council of Constance that his works should be burned.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Antipope John XXIII, a pair of manacles hanging above and to the sides of the portrait, while a Papal crown, owl, crossbow, crossed keys, another manacle, and the Antipope's coat of arms depicted below.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Antipope John XXIII, a pair of manacles hanging above and to the sides of the portrait, while a Papal crown, owl, crossbow, crossed keys, another manacle, and the Antipope's coat of arms depicted below.

An engraving depicting a bust of Jan Žižka atop a column featuring a laurel wreath. The figure is wearing armor and a helmet with a partial eyepatch.

An engraving depicting a bust of Jan Žižka atop a column featuring a laurel wreath. The figure is wearing armor and a helmet with a partial eyepatch.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Cardinal Jean Allarment de Brogny hanging from a tree, a pair of shoes hanging from the bottom of the frame, and a schene of a pair of monks speaking with a farmer in the background.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Cardinal Jean Allarment de Brogny hanging from a tree, a pair of shoes hanging from the bottom of the frame, and a schene of a pair of monks speaking with a farmer in the background.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Jerome of Prague with a fire built below the portrait, the flames catching along the sides and frame in reference to his execution by burning at the stake.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Jerome of Prague with a fire built below the portrait, the flames catching along the sides and frame in reference to his execution by burning at the stake.

The title page of Histoire du concile de Constance : tirée principalement d'auteurs qui ont assisté au concile with a decorative engraving depicting the council in session.

The title page of Histoire du concile de Constance : tirée principalement d'auteurs qui ont assisté au concile with a decorative engraving depicting the council in session.

The title page of Histoire générale des cérémonies, moeurs, et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde, featurnig an engraving depicting, clockwise from the top, Christianity represented by angels surrounding the Bible, bearing the Latin phrase “biblia sacra concilia et traditiones” and a woman holding a communion chalice, Buddhism by two men praying (bottom right), Islam by one man reading the Qu’ran to his suffering companion, and Judaism by a woman reading the Old Testament, as a blindfolded woman with bat wings holds a lantern for her (left).

The title page of Histoire générale des cérémonies, moeurs, et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde, featurnig an engraving depicting, clockwise from the top, Christianity represented by angels surrounding the Bible, bearing the Latin phrase “biblia sacra concilia et traditiones” and a woman holding a communion chalice, Buddhism by two men praying (bottom right), Islam by one man reading the Qu’ran to his suffering companion, and Judaism by a woman reading the Old Testament, as a blindfolded woman with bat wings holds a lantern for her (left).

An engraving depicting assorted instruments for the brit milah (Jewish ritual circumcision) (top) and a Torah scroll witht he related trappings, including finials for the ends, a fabric wrap for a closed roll, an ornate cloth mantle to cover the closed scroll, a pointer, and a box holding chits with the names of members of the synagogue to be drawn for aliyot (divided into groups based on status).

An engraving depicting assorted instruments for the brit milah (Jewish ritual circumcision) (top) and a Torah scroll witht he related trappings, including finials for the ends, a fabric wrap for a closed roll, an ornate cloth mantle to cover the closed scroll, a pointer, and a box holding chits with the names of members of the synagogue to be drawn for aliyot (divided into groups based on status).

An engraving depicting a portrait of Jean Gerson placed above a pen and ink well, a galero, a dog, a book, and a crest featuring a cherub, stars, and moon.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Jean Gerson placed above a pen and ink well, a galero, a dog, a book, and a crest featuring a cherub, stars, and moon.

An engraving depicting liturgical objects associated with Jewish religious practice, including a tallit katan (prayer shawl), tassels, a Sabbath lamp, matsah, the Four Species (a palm frond, brnaches from a myrtle and a willow tree and a citron, waved during the celebration of the harvest festival Sukkot), a shofar (a ram’s horn blown on the holidays of Rosh Hoshanah andYom Kippur), and a mezuzah (a scroll with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah, placed on doorposts of Jewish homes).

An engraving depicting liturgical objects associated with Jewish religious practice, including a tallit katan (prayer shawl), tassels, a Sabbath lamp, matsah, the Four Species (a palm frond, brnaches from a myrtle and a willow tree and a citron, waved during the celebration of the harvest festival Sukkot), a shofar (a ram’s horn blown on the holidays of Rosh Hoshanah andYom Kippur), and a mezuzah (a scroll with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah, placed on doorposts of Jewish homes).

An engraving depicting elements of Jewish ritual garments, including a Jewish prayer shawl with tassels (top), phylacteries (small black leather boxes including verses from the Torah), and a Jew wearing both for worship (bottom right).

An engraving depicting elements of Jewish ritual garments, including a Jewish prayer shawl with tassels (top), phylacteries (small black leather boxes including verses from the Torah), and a Jew wearing both for worship (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting a Catholic Jubilee year, during which faithful make prilgrimages to four basilicas in exchange for indulgences.

A series of six engravings depicting a Catholic Jubilee year, during which faithful make prilgrimages to four basilicas in exchange for indulgences.

A series of six engravings depicting pilgrims traveling to one of the seven basilicas that grants indulgence during a Jubilee year (top left). There the pilgrims climb the Scala Santa (Holy Stairs) on their knees (top right), and Roman prelates and barons wash their feet (left middle). The pope blesses the tables the pilgrims uses to eat with the Cardinals and the other prelates (right middle). The pope distributes rosaries, medallions, and Agnus Dei (a wax medallion imprinted with the Lamb of God) to the pilgrims as they kiss his feet (bottom left).

A series of six engravings depicting pilgrims traveling to one of the seven basilicas that grants indulgence during a Jubilee year (top left). There the pilgrims climb the Scala Santa (Holy Stairs) on their knees (top right), and Roman prelates and barons wash their feet (left middle). The pope blesses the tables the pilgrims uses to eat with the Cardinals and the other prelates (right middle). The pope distributes rosaries, medallions, and Agnus Dei (a wax medallion imprinted with the Lamb of God) to the pilgrims as they kiss his feet (bottom left).

A pair of engravings depicting an amphitheater where full Inquisition tribunals took place before royalty and Catholic officials during the Spanish Inquisition in Madrid (top) and a procession making to an Inquisition trial in Goa, led by Dominicans carrying the Inquisition standard (which bears the Latin motto “Misericordia et Justitia” [“Mercy and Justice”]), followed by the guards and accused criminals, and the Grand Inquisitor. Both engravings are labelled.

A pair of engravings depicting an amphitheater where full Inquisition tribunals took place before royalty and Catholic officials during the Spanish Inquisition in Madrid (top) and a procession making to an Inquisition trial in Goa, led by Dominicans carrying the Inquisition standard (which bears the Latin motto “Misericordia et Justitia” [“Mercy and Justice”]), followed by the guards and accused criminals, and the Grand Inquisitor. Both engravings are labelled.

A pair of engravings depicting condemned heretics performing an auto-da-fé, or act of faith, as penance prior to being burned at the stake during the Inquisition (top) and condemned heretics during the Inquisition being publically burnt at the stake (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting condemned heretics performing an auto-da-fé, or act of faith, as penance prior to being burned at the stake during the Inquisition (top) and condemned heretics during the Inquisition being publically burnt at the stake (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting a Jewish family preparing for (top) and observing (bottom) Passover. The top engraving shows the family searching for and removing any remaining leaven in the kitchen in preparation for Passover. The bottom engraving shows the family sitting down around a table and participating in a Seder dinner.

A pair of engravings depicting a Jewish family preparing for (top) and observing (bottom) Passover. The top engraving shows the family searching for and removing any remaining leaven in the kitchen in preparation for Passover. The bottom engraving shows the family sitting down around a table and participating in a Seder dinner.

A pair of engravings depicting the display of the body within a coffin before the house of the deceased or their family (top) and the offering of the Eucherist during a mass of requiem for the dead (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting the display of the body within a coffin before the house of the deceased or their family (top) and the offering of the Eucherist during a mass of requiem for the dead (bottom).

An engraving depicting the interior of the Sistine Chapel.

An engraving depicting the interior of the Sistine Chapel.

A pair of engravings depicting the brit milah (ritual circumcision) (top) and the pidyon haben (redemption of the firstborn son) (bottom). The top engraving shows the family of the infant gathered as the rabbi oversees the proceedure. The bottom engraving shows the family of the child gathered around as the father presents the first-born son to the kohen (a priest directly descended from Aaron).

A pair of engravings depicting the brit milah (ritual circumcision) (top) and the pidyon haben (redemption of the firstborn son) (bottom). The top engraving shows the family of the infant gathered as the rabbi oversees the proceedure. The bottom engraving shows the family of the child gathered around as the father presents the first-born son to the kohen (a priest directly descended from Aaron).

A pair of engravings depicting parishioners taking Communion (top) and a priest delivering the Eucharist as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting parishioners taking Communion (top) and a priest delivering the Eucharist as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting penitents stepping into the confessional to confess their sins to a priest (top) and a priest anointing a dying man as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting penitents stepping into the confessional to confess their sins to a priest (top) and a priest anointing a dying man as part of the last rites (bottom).

An engraving depicting a ceremony of the Ordre du Saint-Esprit, a French chivalric order.

An engraving depicting a ceremony of the Ordre du Saint-Esprit, a French chivalric order.

A pair of engravings depicting a pair of officials conducting the trial of a man during the Inquisition (top) and a dungeon where various methods of torture are being employed by Inquisitors during questioning (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting a pair of officials conducting the trial of a man during the Inquisition (top) and a dungeon where various methods of torture are being employed by Inquisitors during questioning (bottom).

An engraving depicting a group of German Jews performing physical penitence within the synagogue, theoretically in observance of Yom Kippur. Two men are shown whipping two other men while a fifth man to the right is removing his coat, presumably to take his turn. Other men are shown around the synagogue reading the Torah while wearing tallitot.

An engraving depicting a group of German Jews performing physical penitence within the synagogue, theoretically in observance of Yom Kippur. Two men are shown whipping two other men while a fifth man to the right is removing his coat, presumably to take his turn. Other men are shown around the synagogue reading the Torah while wearing tallitot.

A pair of engravings depicting two methods of baptism. The top scene shows a Catholic priest baptising an infant at a font. The bottom scene shows a midwife baptising a child after birth.

A pair of engravings depicting two methods of baptism. The top scene shows a Catholic priest baptising an infant at a font. The bottom scene shows a midwife baptising a child after birth.

A pair of engravings depicting the Pope opening the Holy Door at one of the four basilicas which grant indulgences to pilgrims during the Holy Year (top) and a detailed view of the raised seating where members of the nobility can sit to watch the ceremony of opening the Holy Door (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting the Pope opening the Holy Door at one of the four basilicas which grant indulgences to pilgrims during the Holy Year (top) and a detailed view of the raised seating where members of the nobility can sit to watch the ceremony of opening the Holy Door (bottom).

An engraving depicting the coronation of a king, as overseen by a bishop within a cathedral.

An engraving depicting the coronation of a king, as overseen by a bishop within a cathedral.

A pair of engravings depicting the observance of Rosh Hashanah (top) and Yom Kippur (bottom). The top engraving depicts the sounding of the shofar during the celebration of Rosh Hashanah, the beginning of the new year. The bottom engraving depicts a gathering of Jews in reflection on the past year, repenting their sins and asking forgiveness in observance of Yom Kippur.

A pair of engravings depicting the observance of Rosh Hashanah (top) and Yom Kippur (bottom). The top engraving depicts the sounding of the shofar during the celebration of Rosh Hashanah, the beginning of the new year. The bottom engraving depicts a gathering of Jews in reflection on the past year, repenting their sins and asking forgiveness in observance of Yom Kippur.

A pair of engravings depicting worshipers kneeling before a priest to recieve marks on their foreheads in observation of Ash Wednesday (top) and a woman recieving Communion (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting worshipers kneeling before a priest to recieve marks on their foreheads in observation of Ash Wednesday (top) and a woman recieving Communion (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting a Jewish funeral (top) and a Jewish burial (bottom). The top engraving shows the hakafoth, a series of seven processions, around the coffin. The bottom engraving shows a group of attendants filling a grave with dirt.

A pair of engravings depicting a Jewish funeral (top) and a Jewish burial (bottom). The top engraving shows the hakafoth, a series of seven processions, around the coffin. The bottom engraving shows a group of attendants filling a grave with dirt.

A series of 35 engravings depicting the stages of a Roman Catholic mass. The engravings are displayed nine to a page across four pages, and each one is numbered in the upper left corner with the description of the stage of mass at the bottom. In each scene, a different picture hangs above the altar, depicting in sequence the Passion with a description of the scene at the above the engraving.

A series of 35 engravings depicting the stages of a Roman Catholic mass. The engravings are displayed nine to a page across four pages, and each one is numbered in the upper left corner with the description of the stage of mass at the bottom. In each scene, a different picture hangs above the altar, depicting in sequence the Passion with a description of the scene at the above the engraving.

A pair of engravings depicting a kohen (priest descended directly from Aaron) reciting prayers in the synagogue (top) and a rabbi lifting the Torah scroll for the gathered worshipers to see (bottom). The top engraving shows the kohen on the right with worshipers gathered around wearing tallitot and is labeled as "Synagogue des Juifs Portugais a la Haye" (the Synagogue of the Portuguese Jews in the Hague). The bottom engraving shows a gathering of Jewish worhipers, most wearing tallitot, looking on as a rabbi raises the Torah scroll.

A pair of engravings depicting a kohen (priest descended directly from Aaron) reciting prayers in the synagogue (top) and a rabbi lifting the Torah scroll for the gathered worshipers to see (bottom). The top engraving shows the kohen on the right with worshipers gathered around wearing tallitot and is labeled as "Synagogue des Juifs Portugais a la Haye" (the Synagogue of the Portuguese Jews in the Hague). The bottom engraving shows a gathering of Jewish worhipers, most wearing tallitot, looking on as a rabbi raises the Torah scroll.

An engraving depicting facsimiles of items a pilgrim may recieve from the Pope during a Jubilee year. In the center of the engraving is the sheet that the pope would give to pilgrims with an Agnus Dei (a wax medallion imprinted with the Lamb of God) upon coming to one of the basilicas that grants indulgence during a Jubilee year. The sheet in this engraving bears the coat of arms of Pope Alexander VII and the image of the Agnus Dei, surrounded by the Latin motto “Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis” (“Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, have mercy on us”).

An engraving depicting facsimiles of items a pilgrim may recieve from the Pope during a Jubilee year. In the center of the engraving is the sheet that the pope would give to pilgrims with an Agnus Dei (a wax medallion imprinted with the Lamb of God) upon coming to one of the basilicas that grants indulgence during a Jubilee year. The sheet in this engraving bears the coat of arms of Pope Alexander VII and the image of the Agnus Dei, surrounded by the Latin motto “Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis” (“Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, have mercy on us”).

A series of six engravings depicting scenes in the life of a Roman Catholic bishop, including his blessing of holy oil (top right), a procession of holy oil (top left) , his encouragement of a parish (middle right), his visit to his diocese (middle left), a parishioner kissing his hand (bottom left), and the public display of his body after death (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting scenes in the life of a Roman Catholic bishop, including his blessing of holy oil (top right), a procession of holy oil (top left) , his encouragement of a parish (middle right), his visit to his diocese (middle left), a parishioner kissing his hand (bottom left), and the public display of his body after death (bottom right).

A pair of engravings depicting the proper way to transport the Eucharist when the Pope is travelling: either on a horse (top) or on a litter supported by two horses, front and back (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting the proper way to transport the Eucharist when the Pope is travelling: either on a horse (top) or on a litter supported by two horses, front and back (bottom).

A series of six engravings depicting the observation of various Catholic Holy Days, including: Candlemas (top), tenebrae (left middle), the Procession of the Eucharist into a tomb (right middle), the fire that begins Holy Saturday (bottom left), and the blessing of a new Paschal candle (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting the observation of various Catholic Holy Days, including: Candlemas (top), tenebrae (left middle), the Procession of the Eucharist into a tomb (right middle), the fire that begins Holy Saturday (bottom left), and the blessing of a new Paschal candle (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting a Roman Catholic cleric receiving tonsure (top left) and a surplice (top right), and the ordination of a sexton (middle left), a lector (middle right), an exorcist (bottom left), and an acolyte (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting a Roman Catholic cleric receiving tonsure (top left) and a surplice (top right), and the ordination of a sexton (middle left), a lector (middle right), an exorcist (bottom left), and an acolyte (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting the ordination of Roman Catholic subdeacons (top left), deacons (top right), and priests (middle left). The priestly ordination includes the bishop laying hands on the new priest (middle right), the bestowal of the power to consecrate (bottom left), and sharing in Communion (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting the ordination of Roman Catholic subdeacons (top left), deacons (top right), and priests (middle left). The priestly ordination includes the bishop laying hands on the new priest (middle right), the bestowal of the power to consecrate (bottom left), and sharing in Communion (bottom right).

An engraved ornamental tailpiece appearing at the end of the fourth part of the section on Catholics. The engraving depicts an angel holding two trumpets, both of which have banners hanging from them, and playing one. The banners read "CEREMONIES ET COUTUMES DES RELIGIONS DU MONDE."

An engraved ornamental tailpiece appearing at the end of the fourth part of the section on Catholics. The engraving depicts an angel holding two trumpets, both of which have banners hanging from them, and playing one. The banners read "CEREMONIES ET COUTUMES DES RELIGIONS DU MONDE."

An engraved ornamental tailpiece appearing at the end of the fifth part of the section on Catholics. The engraving depicts a choir seated before an altar.

An engraved ornamental tailpiece appearing at the end of the fifth part of the section on Catholics. The engraving depicts a choir seated before an altar.

An engraved ornamental tailpiece appearing at the end of the introductory section. The engraving depicts a platform with the inscription "Finis" above which hangs a bell and drapery. Holding the drapery and bell up is a decorative boarder featuring a pair of cherubs, a censer, a stole, an open book (likely a Bible), and other Catholic ritual items.

An engraved ornamental tailpiece appearing at the end of the introductory section. The engraving depicts a platform with the inscription "Finis" above which hangs a bell and drapery. Holding the drapery and bell up is a decorative boarder featuring a pair of cherubs, a censer, a stole, an open book (likely a Bible), and other Catholic ritual items.

An engraved ornamental tailpiece to the preface of the section on the Inquisition, depicting the torture of heretics.

An engraved ornamental tailpiece to the preface of the section on the Inquisition, depicting the torture of heretics.

An engraved ornamental tailpiece to the first and second sections on the Inquisition, depicting a pair of Catholic officials trying a man during the Inquisition.

An engraved ornamental tailpiece to the first and second sections on the Inquisition, depicting a pair of Catholic officials trying a man during the Inquisition.

A series of six engravings depicting a conclave, the process by which Roman Catholic cardinals elect a new pope. The rules of the conclave, in which the cardinals are locked in seclusion, were established to prevent political interference and long delays. Food was delivered through a window; after three days, they only received one meal a day and after five days, only bread and water.

A series of six engravings depicting a conclave, the process by which Roman Catholic cardinals elect a new pope. The rules of the conclave, in which the cardinals are locked in seclusion, were established to prevent political interference and long delays. Food was delivered through a window; after three days, they only received one meal a day and after five days, only bread and water.

A series of six engravings depicting papal funeral rituals including the recognition of the pope’s body (top left), the procession of the body to Saint Peter’s basilica (second row), the body lying in state for three days at Saint Peter’s (third row left), the pope’s catafalque (a raised bier used to support the coffin) (third row right) and the funeral procession (bottom).

A series of six engravings depicting papal funeral rituals including the recognition of the pope’s body (top left), the procession of the body to Saint Peter’s basilica (second row), the body lying in state for three days at Saint Peter’s (third row left), the pope’s catafalque (a raised bier used to support the coffin) (third row right) and the funeral procession (bottom).

A series of six engravings depicting a Roman Catholic bishop leads worshipers through rites of penance, including putting on sackcloth, kneeling outside with extinguished candles, and reciting the litanies.

A series of six engravings depicting a Roman Catholic bishop leads worshipers through rites of penance, including putting on sackcloth, kneeling outside with extinguished candles, and reciting the litanies.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Pierre D'Ailly above a hand emerging from a cloud holding a scale, one side with a pair of tablets (possibly the Ten Commandments) and a crosier, miter, and galero on the other.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Pierre D'Ailly above a hand emerging from a cloud holding a scale, one side with a pair of tablets (possibly the Ten Commandments) and a crosier, miter, and galero on the other.

A pair of engravings depicting the daily recitation of the Hoshanot during Sukkot (top) and a Jewish family sharing a meal in their sukkah during the Sukkot festival. The top engraving shows worshippers processing around the synagogue carrying the four Holy Species (palm frond, myrtle, willow branch, and citron) as they recite the Hoshanot. The bottom engraving shows a Jewish family sharing a meal in an elaborately decorated sukkah, with the sukkah of another family in the background.

A pair of engravings depicting the daily recitation of the Hoshanot during Sukkot (top) and a Jewish family sharing a meal in their sukkah during the Sukkot festival. The top engraving shows worshippers processing around the synagogue carrying the four Holy Species (palm frond, myrtle, willow branch, and citron) as they recite the Hoshanot. The bottom engraving shows a Jewish family sharing a meal in an elaborately decorated sukkah, with the sukkah of another family in the background.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Sigismond, the Holy Roman Emperor, as a medallion hanging on a platform above a his coat of arms.

An engraving depicting a portrait of Sigismond, the Holy Roman Emperor, as a medallion hanging on a platform above a his coat of arms.

A pair of engravings depicting the celebration of Simchat Torah, including the procession of the Torah scrolls around the synagogue, carried by the Chatan Torah.

A pair of engravings depicting the celebration of Simchat Torah, including the procession of the Torah scrolls around the synagogue, carried by the Chatan Torah.

A series of four engravings depicting the standards of the Spanish and Goan Inquisitions (top), a man awaiting judgement (bottom left), and a nun who avoided being condemned to the stake by confessing (bottom right). The standard of the Spanish Inquisition features a cross made of rough logs, flanked by a sword and a branch with the motto, "EXURGE DOMINE ET JUDICA CAUSAM TUAM PSALM 73." The standard of the Goan Inquisition features a Dominican monk holding a sword and branch above a dog holding a torch to an orb with the motto, "MISERICORDIA ET JUSTITIA."

A series of four engravings depicting the standards of the Spanish and Goan Inquisitions (top), a man awaiting judgement (bottom left), and a nun who avoided being condemned to the stake by confessing (bottom right). The standard of the Spanish Inquisition features a cross made of rough logs, flanked by a sword and a branch with the motto, "EXURGE DOMINE ET JUDICA CAUSAM TUAM PSALM 73." The standard of the Goan Inquisition features a Dominican monk holding a sword and branch above a dog holding a torch to an orb with the motto, "MISERICORDIA ET JUSTITIA."

An engraving depicting a portrait of St. Bridget of Sweden above a crosier, a coat of arms bearing a cross, and an image of Jesus appearing to her to convey the number of blows he suffered during the Passion.

An engraving depicting a portrait of St. Bridget of Sweden above a crosier, a coat of arms bearing a cross, and an image of Jesus appearing to her to convey the number of blows he suffered during the Passion.

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining nuns. The bishop gives the nuns their rings (top left), the bishop crowns the nuns with wreaths (top right), the reading of the anathema (middle left), nuns present their candles (middle right), the bishop celebrates communion with the nuns (bottom left) and the bishop gives the nuns their breviaries (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining nuns. The bishop gives the nuns their rings (top left), the bishop crowns the nuns with wreaths (top right), the reading of the anathema (middle left), nuns present their candles (middle right), the bishop celebrates communion with the nuns (bottom left) and the bishop gives the nuns their breviaries (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining a Roman Catholic bishop, including his presentation (top left), his oath (top right), his bowing before the altar (middle left) anointing (middle right), the anointing of his hands, (bottom left), and the bestowal of his crosier (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining a Roman Catholic bishop, including his presentation (top left), his oath (top right), his bowing before the altar (middle left) anointing (middle right), the anointing of his hands, (bottom left), and the bestowal of his crosier (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining a Roman Catholic bishop: including the bestowal of his ring (top left), bestowal of a book of the gospels (top right), presenting the torches, the bread and the wine (middle left), dressing in his miter (middle right), receiving his crosier (bottom left), and dressing in his pallium (lower right).

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining a Roman Catholic bishop: including the bestowal of his ring (top left), bestowal of a book of the gospels (top right), presenting the torches, the bread and the wine (middle left), dressing in his miter (middle right), receiving his crosier (bottom left), and dressing in his pallium (lower right).

A series of six engravings depicting Elements of the processes of ordaining abbots, abbesses, and nuns: the abbot receiving his ecclesiastical habit (top left), the laying on of hands (top right), the abbess receiving her veil (middle left), nuns being consecrated (middle right), blessing the habits of the nuns (bottom left), and nuns receiving their veils (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting Elements of the processes of ordaining abbots, abbesses, and nuns: the abbot receiving his ecclesiastical habit (top left), the laying on of hands (top right), the abbess receiving her veil (middle left), nuns being consecrated (middle right), blessing the habits of the nuns (bottom left), and nuns receiving their veils (bottom right).

Three engravings depicting the front of the Shroud of Besançon and the front and back of the Shroud of Turin.

Three engravings depicting the front of the Shroud of Besançon and the front and back of the Shroud of Turin.

A pair of engravings depicting a representation of a ballot for a papal election (top) and a design for the structure of the temporary living spaces for Cardinals during the papal conclave (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting a representation of a ballot for a papal election (top) and a design for the structure of the temporary living spaces for Cardinals during the papal conclave (bottom).

An engraving depicting a bust of Wenceslas, King of Germany, surrounded by a sword, manacle, and orbis cruciger with a barred window in the background.

An engraving depicting a bust of Wenceslas, King of Germany, surrounded by a sword, manacle, and orbis cruciger with a barred window in the background.