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Summary: An appeal by Protestants to William III and Mary II to recognize the grievances of Protestants against Catholicism.

Summary: An appeal by Protestants to William III and Mary II to recognize the grievances of Protestants against Catholicism.

Summary: Luther certainly had his problems with printers, as this edition of his "Winter Postil" testifies. Michael Lotter issued this new edition without Luther's approval. The editors took great labors, but found no favor in Wittenberg, and this edition was never reprinted.

Summary: Luther certainly had his problems with printers, as this edition of his "Winter Postil" testifies. Michael Lotter issued this new edition without Luther's approval. The editors took great labors, but found no favor in Wittenberg, and this edition was never reprinted.

Summary: Important description of S. Maria Maggiore in its unaltered Renaissance state, before extensive renovations of Ferdinand Fuga in 1743.

Summary: Important description of S. Maria Maggiore in its unaltered Renaissance state, before extensive renovations of Ferdinand Fuga in 1743.

Summary: Johannes Brenz's commentary on the book of Joshua, first published in 1549.

Summary: Johannes Brenz's commentary on the book of Joshua, first published in 1549.

Summary: A significant treatise on predestination. Johann Eck expounds a view of free will and merit, which was soon to come under attack by Martin Luther and other Protestants.

Summary: A significant treatise on predestination. Johann Eck expounds a view of free will and merit, which was soon to come under attack by Martin Luther and other Protestants.

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Summary: This is the first printing of the first part of Luther's translation of the Old Testament into idiomatic German. It comprises the Pentateuch, or the five Books of Moses. Scholars long believed that this edition had been destroyed by Luther's friends because of its many printing errors. This printing contains 11 full-page and six initial-figure woodcuts. The volume has been heavily annotated in an early to mid-sixteenth century hand.

Summary: This is the first printing of the first part of Luther's translation of the Old Testament into idiomatic German. It comprises the Pentateuch, or the five Books of Moses. Scholars long believed that this edition had been destroyed by Luther's friends because of its many printing errors. This printing contains 11 full-page and six initial-figure woodcuts. The volume has been heavily annotated in an early to mid-sixteenth century hand.

Summary: Luther's translation from the original Greek of the New Testament is a landmark in the history of the German language. His forceful style ensured that his Thuringian-Saxon dialect would provide the standard for High German in years to come. From a religious standpoint, Luther's decision to refer to the original Greek rather than merely to translate the Vulgate ensured that the German New Testament would be much more faithful to the original. Erasmus' New Testament provided the basis for the translation.

Summary: Luther's translation from the original Greek of the New Testament is a landmark in the history of the German language. His forceful style ensured that his Thuringian-Saxon dialect would provide the standard for High German in years to come. From a religious standpoint, Luther's decision to refer to the original Greek rather than merely to translate the Vulgate ensured that the German New Testament would be much more faithful to the original. Erasmus' New Testament provided the basis for the translation.

Summary: A history of Venice.

Summary: A history of Venice.

Summary: Collection of sermons by the Alsatian preacher Geiler von Kaysersberg, delivered between 1503 and 1505 at the convent of the sisters of the order of St. Mary Magdalene. Geiler was one of the most popular preachers of his day and was sometimes called the German Savonarola. He was a close friend of the Strasbourg humanist Jakob von Wimpheling and was greatly respected by Sebastian Brant, Johann Reuchlin and Philipp Melanchthon.

Summary: Collection of sermons by the Alsatian preacher Geiler von Kaysersberg, delivered between 1503 and 1505 at the convent of the sisters of the order of St. Mary Magdalene. Geiler was one of the most popular preachers of his day and was sometimes called the German Savonarola. He was a close friend of the Strasbourg humanist Jakob von Wimpheling and was greatly respected by Sebastian Brant, Johann Reuchlin and Philipp Melanchthon.

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Summary: One of four volumes of a 1497 printing of Jerome's commentaries on the Old Testament. This particular volume comprises the prophetic books Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel as well as the 12 minor prophets. It is unique insofar as not all parts of the larger set were bound in the same order or based on the same divisions. It was that was once held by the library of Rebdorf monastery, which developed a renown humanist collection during the tenure of Kilian Leib as the monastery's prior.

Summary: One of four volumes of a 1497 printing of Jerome's commentaries on the Old Testament. This particular volume comprises the prophetic books Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel as well as the 12 minor prophets. It is unique insofar as not all parts of the larger set were bound in the same order or based on the same divisions. It was that was once held by the library of Rebdorf monastery, which developed a renown humanist collection during the tenure of Kilian Leib as the monastery's prior.

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Summary: Commentary on the book of Exodus by Johannes Brenz.

Summary: Commentary on the book of Exodus by Johannes Brenz.

Summary: Commentary on the book of Leviticus by Johannes Brenz.

Summary: Commentary on the book of Leviticus by Johannes Brenz.

Summary: Johannes Brenz's commentaries on the books of Judges and Ruth.

Summary: Johannes Brenz's commentaries on the books of Judges and Ruth.

Summary: Johannes Brenz's commentary on the book of Amos.

Summary: Johannes Brenz's commentary on the book of Amos.

Summary: Reuchlin had visited Rome in 1490, where he was introduced to Rabbinic literature as well as the cabala.

Summary: Reuchlin had visited Rome in 1490, where he was introduced to Rabbinic literature as well as the cabala.

Summary: De laudibus sanctae crucis (On the praise of the Holy Cross) is a collection of poems and figures, including geometric shapes, letters, drawings and even complex miniatures produced in the early 9th century in the scriptorium of the Abbey at Fulda under the direction of Hrabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mainz, who also provided the commentary found in the work. The book is an important testimony to Carolingian book art.

Summary: De laudibus sanctae crucis (On the praise of the Holy Cross) is a collection of poems and figures, including geometric shapes, letters, drawings and even complex miniatures produced in the early 9th century in the scriptorium of the Abbey at Fulda under the direction of Hrabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mainz, who also provided the commentary found in the work. The book is an important testimony to Carolingian book art.

Summary: A collection of engravings made after the work of the painter, Hans Holbein.

Summary: A collection of engravings made after the work of the painter, Hans Holbein.

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Summary: A printed catalog of the Hofbibliothek in Vienna, Austria.

Summary: A printed catalog of the Hofbibliothek in Vienna, Austria.

Summary: The Pontificale Romanum contains the liturgical rites for the sacraments of confirmation and Holy orders performed by bishops. The work is called "liber pontificalis" (pontifical or papal book) here, as books bearing pontifical authority often were prior to the 16th century, but it should not be confused with the papal annals, also called Liber Pontificalis, which is used by historians of the early Roman Church

Summary: The Pontificale Romanum contains the liturgical rites for the sacraments of confirmation and Holy orders performed by bishops. The work is called "liber pontificalis" (pontifical or papal book) here, as books bearing pontifical authority often were prior to the 16th century, but it should not be confused with the papal annals, also called Liber Pontificalis, which is used by historians of the early Roman Church

Summary: Second German edition of Johannes Brenz' postil or lectionary sermons, presented in three parts. The fourth part is a harmony and interpretation of the four Gospel passion stories.

Summary: Second German edition of Johannes Brenz' postil or lectionary sermons, presented in three parts. The fourth part is a harmony and interpretation of the four Gospel passion stories.

Summary: A Vulgate Latin Bible, with the "glossa ordinaria" of Walafridus Strabo and others, the "glossa interlinearis" of Anselmus Laudunensis, the "postillae" of Nicolaus de Lyra, the "expositiones prologorum" of Guillelmus Brito, the "additiones" of Paulus Burgensis, and the "replicae" of Matthias Doring.

Summary: A Vulgate Latin Bible, with the "glossa ordinaria" of Walafridus Strabo and others, the "glossa interlinearis" of Anselmus Laudunensis, the "postillae" of Nicolaus de Lyra, the "expositiones prologorum" of Guillelmus Brito, the "additiones" of Paulus Burgensis, and the "replicae" of Matthias Doring.

Summary: Choir book, edited by the Lutheran theologian Georg Major (Meier). The work opens with biblical canticles and Psalms of praise, followed by various hymns, prayers and litanies.

Summary: Choir book, edited by the Lutheran theologian Georg Major (Meier). The work opens with biblical canticles and Psalms of praise, followed by various hymns, prayers and litanies.

Summary: When Pope Paul III called for a reform council at Mantua in 1536, the Protestants were faced with a dilemma. If they attended the council they would be recognizing the Pope's authority in such matters. If they refused, then it might appear that their calls for a general council had been insincere. The sticky task of responding to the pope's call fell upon Melanchthon. This is an edition of his response.

Summary: When Pope Paul III called for a reform council at Mantua in 1536, the Protestants were faced with a dilemma. If they attended the council they would be recognizing the Pope's authority in such matters. If they refused, then it might appear that their calls for a general council had been insincere. The sticky task of responding to the pope's call fell upon Melanchthon. This is an edition of his response.

Summary: Series of copper engraved prints after Maarten de Vos' drawings of hermits.

Summary: Series of copper engraved prints after Maarten de Vos' drawings of hermits.

Summary: First edition of Ulrich Pinder's Passion narrative richly illustrated with 77 woodcut images (39 full page). Pinder was medical doctor, who had served as the court physician of the Elector Frederick the Wise of Saxony. After 1493 he was the town physician for the city of Nuremberg, where he also wrote several medical tracts and published a variety of books with the printer Friedrich Peypus. For this work, Pinder employed the services of the engravers Hans Schaufelein, who contributed 39 woodcuts, and Hans Baldung Grien, who contributed 21 woodcuts.

Summary: First edition of Ulrich Pinder's Passion narrative richly illustrated with 77 woodcut images (39 full page). Pinder was medical doctor, who had served as the court physician of the Elector Frederick the Wise of Saxony. After 1493 he was the town physician for the city of Nuremberg, where he also wrote several medical tracts and published a variety of books with the printer Friedrich Peypus. For this work, Pinder employed the services of the engravers Hans Schaufelein, who contributed 39 woodcuts, and Hans Baldung Grien, who contributed 21 woodcuts.

Summary: Proceedings against William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, and six other bishops for publishing seditious libel against James II.

Summary: Proceedings against William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, and six other bishops for publishing seditious libel against James II.

Summary: A family Bible which includes the Apocrypha, an introduction, tables, and a list of scubscribers.

Summary: A family Bible which includes the Apocrypha, an introduction, tables, and a list of scubscribers.

Summary: The Spanish scholar Raymond of Sabunde was professor of medicine, philosophy, and theology at the University of Toulouse during the early fifteenth century. His study of natural theology came under the scrutiny of the Council of Trent, which placed its prologue on the index. This particular copy has been censored: the prologue, (leaf A6) has been either inked out or cut away.

Summary: The Spanish scholar Raymond of Sabunde was professor of medicine, philosophy, and theology at the University of Toulouse during the early fifteenth century. His study of natural theology came under the scrutiny of the Council of Trent, which placed its prologue on the index. This particular copy has been censored: the prologue, (leaf A6) has been either inked out or cut away.

Summary: This impotant work on natural theology was written by the Catalan scholar Raymond of Sabunde 1434-1436 and was circulated widely in manuscript form before being printed in Deventer 1484-85 and reprinted numerous times. Raymond places great emphasis on reason and argues that science is not antithetical to faith but that the Bible and the book of Nature should both be seen as divine revelation.

Summary: This impotant work on natural theology was written by the Catalan scholar Raymond of Sabunde 1434-1436 and was circulated widely in manuscript form before being printed in Deventer 1484-85 and reprinted numerous times. Raymond places great emphasis on reason and argues that science is not antithetical to faith but that the Bible and the book of Nature should both be seen as divine revelation.

Summary: Text of Gospels in Arabic, with interlinear Latin translation.

Summary: Text of Gospels in Arabic, with interlinear Latin translation.