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An engraving depicting liturgical objects associated with Jewish religious practice, including a tallit katan (prayer shawl), tassels, a Sabbath lamp, matsah, the Four Species (a palm frond, brnaches from a myrtle and a willow tree and a citron, waved during the celebration of the harvest festival Sukkot), a shofar (a ram’s horn blown on the holidays of Rosh Hoshanah andYom Kippur), and a mezuzah (a scroll with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah, placed on doorposts of Jewish homes).

An engraving depicting liturgical objects associated with Jewish religious practice, including a tallit katan (prayer shawl), tassels, a Sabbath lamp, matsah, the Four Species (a palm frond, brnaches from a myrtle and a willow tree and a citron, waved during the celebration of the harvest festival Sukkot), a shofar (a ram’s horn blown on the holidays of Rosh Hoshanah andYom Kippur), and a mezuzah (a scroll with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah, placed on doorposts of Jewish homes).

An engraving depicting elements of Jewish ritual garments, including a Jewish prayer shawl with tassels (top), phylacteries (small black leather boxes including verses from the Torah), and a Jew wearing both for worship (bottom right).

An engraving depicting elements of Jewish ritual garments, including a Jewish prayer shawl with tassels (top), phylacteries (small black leather boxes including verses from the Torah), and a Jew wearing both for worship (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting a Catholic Jubilee year, during which faithful make prilgrimages to four basilicas in exchange for indulgences.

A series of six engravings depicting a Catholic Jubilee year, during which faithful make prilgrimages to four basilicas in exchange for indulgences.

A series of six engravings depicting pilgrims traveling to one of the seven basilicas that grants indulgence during a Jubilee year (top left). There the pilgrims climb the Scala Santa (Holy Stairs) on their knees (top right), and Roman prelates and barons wash their feet (left middle). The pope blesses the tables the pilgrims uses to eat with the Cardinals and the other prelates (right middle). The pope distributes rosaries, medallions, and Agnus Dei (a wax medallion imprinted with the Lamb of God) to the pilgrims as they kiss his feet (bottom left).

A series of six engravings depicting pilgrims traveling to one of the seven basilicas that grants indulgence during a Jubilee year (top left). There the pilgrims climb the Scala Santa (Holy Stairs) on their knees (top right), and Roman prelates and barons wash their feet (left middle). The pope blesses the tables the pilgrims uses to eat with the Cardinals and the other prelates (right middle). The pope distributes rosaries, medallions, and Agnus Dei (a wax medallion imprinted with the Lamb of God) to the pilgrims as they kiss his feet (bottom left).

A pair of engravings depicting an amphitheater where full Inquisition tribunals took place before royalty and Catholic officials during the Spanish Inquisition in Madrid (top) and a procession making to an Inquisition trial in Goa, led by Dominicans carrying the Inquisition standard (which bears the Latin motto “Misericordia et Justitia” [“Mercy and Justice”]), followed by the guards and accused criminals, and the Grand Inquisitor. Both engravings are labelled.

A pair of engravings depicting an amphitheater where full Inquisition tribunals took place before royalty and Catholic officials during the Spanish Inquisition in Madrid (top) and a procession making to an Inquisition trial in Goa, led by Dominicans carrying the Inquisition standard (which bears the Latin motto “Misericordia et Justitia” [“Mercy and Justice”]), followed by the guards and accused criminals, and the Grand Inquisitor. Both engravings are labelled.

A pair of engravings depicting condemned heretics performing an auto-da-fé, or act of faith, as penance prior to being burned at the stake during the Inquisition (top) and condemned heretics during the Inquisition being publically burnt at the stake (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting condemned heretics performing an auto-da-fé, or act of faith, as penance prior to being burned at the stake during the Inquisition (top) and condemned heretics during the Inquisition being publically burnt at the stake (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting a Jewish family preparing for (top) and observing (bottom) Passover. The top engraving shows the family searching for and removing any remaining leaven in the kitchen in preparation for Passover. The bottom engraving shows the family sitting down around a table and participating in a Seder dinner.

A pair of engravings depicting a Jewish family preparing for (top) and observing (bottom) Passover. The top engraving shows the family searching for and removing any remaining leaven in the kitchen in preparation for Passover. The bottom engraving shows the family sitting down around a table and participating in a Seder dinner.

A pair of engravings depicting the display of the body within a coffin before the house of the deceased or their family (top) and the offering of the Eucherist during a mass of requiem for the dead (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting the display of the body within a coffin before the house of the deceased or their family (top) and the offering of the Eucherist during a mass of requiem for the dead (bottom).

An engraving depicting the interior of the Sistine Chapel.

An engraving depicting the interior of the Sistine Chapel.

A pair of engravings depicting the brit milah (ritual circumcision) (top) and the pidyon haben (redemption of the firstborn son) (bottom). The top engraving shows the family of the infant gathered as the rabbi oversees the proceedure. The bottom engraving shows the family of the child gathered around as the father presents the first-born son to the kohen (a priest directly descended from Aaron).

A pair of engravings depicting the brit milah (ritual circumcision) (top) and the pidyon haben (redemption of the firstborn son) (bottom). The top engraving shows the family of the infant gathered as the rabbi oversees the proceedure. The bottom engraving shows the family of the child gathered around as the father presents the first-born son to the kohen (a priest directly descended from Aaron).

A pair of engravings depicting parishioners taking Communion (top) and a priest delivering the Eucharist as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting parishioners taking Communion (top) and a priest delivering the Eucharist as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting penitents stepping into the confessional to confess their sins to a priest (top) and a priest anointing a dying man as part of the last rites (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting penitents stepping into the confessional to confess their sins to a priest (top) and a priest anointing a dying man as part of the last rites (bottom).

An engraving depicting a ceremony of the Ordre du Saint-Esprit, a French chivalric order.

An engraving depicting a ceremony of the Ordre du Saint-Esprit, a French chivalric order.

A pair of engravings depicting a pair of officials conducting the trial of a man during the Inquisition (top) and a dungeon where various methods of torture are being employed by Inquisitors during questioning (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting a pair of officials conducting the trial of a man during the Inquisition (top) and a dungeon where various methods of torture are being employed by Inquisitors during questioning (bottom).

An engraving depicting a group of German Jews performing physical penitence within the synagogue, theoretically in observance of Yom Kippur. Two men are shown whipping two other men while a fifth man to the right is removing his coat, presumably to take his turn. Other men are shown around the synagogue reading the Torah while wearing tallitot.

An engraving depicting a group of German Jews performing physical penitence within the synagogue, theoretically in observance of Yom Kippur. Two men are shown whipping two other men while a fifth man to the right is removing his coat, presumably to take his turn. Other men are shown around the synagogue reading the Torah while wearing tallitot.

A pair of engravings depicting two methods of baptism. The top scene shows a Catholic priest baptising an infant at a font. The bottom scene shows a midwife baptising a child after birth.

A pair of engravings depicting two methods of baptism. The top scene shows a Catholic priest baptising an infant at a font. The bottom scene shows a midwife baptising a child after birth.

A pair of engravings depicting the Pope opening the Holy Door at one of the four basilicas which grant indulgences to pilgrims during the Holy Year (top) and a detailed view of the raised seating where members of the nobility can sit to watch the ceremony of opening the Holy Door (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting the Pope opening the Holy Door at one of the four basilicas which grant indulgences to pilgrims during the Holy Year (top) and a detailed view of the raised seating where members of the nobility can sit to watch the ceremony of opening the Holy Door (bottom).

An engraving depicting the coronation of a king, as overseen by a bishop within a cathedral.

An engraving depicting the coronation of a king, as overseen by a bishop within a cathedral.

A pair of engravings depicting the observance of Rosh Hashanah (top) and Yom Kippur (bottom). The top engraving depicts the sounding of the shofar during the celebration of Rosh Hashanah, the beginning of the new year. The bottom engraving depicts a gathering of Jews in reflection on the past year, repenting their sins and asking forgiveness in observance of Yom Kippur.

A pair of engravings depicting the observance of Rosh Hashanah (top) and Yom Kippur (bottom). The top engraving depicts the sounding of the shofar during the celebration of Rosh Hashanah, the beginning of the new year. The bottom engraving depicts a gathering of Jews in reflection on the past year, repenting their sins and asking forgiveness in observance of Yom Kippur.

A pair of engravings depicting worshipers kneeling before a priest to recieve marks on their foreheads in observation of Ash Wednesday (top) and a woman recieving Communion (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting worshipers kneeling before a priest to recieve marks on their foreheads in observation of Ash Wednesday (top) and a woman recieving Communion (bottom).

A pair of engravings depicting a Jewish funeral (top) and a Jewish burial (bottom). The top engraving shows the hakafoth, a series of seven processions, around the coffin. The bottom engraving shows a group of attendants filling a grave with dirt.

A pair of engravings depicting a Jewish funeral (top) and a Jewish burial (bottom). The top engraving shows the hakafoth, a series of seven processions, around the coffin. The bottom engraving shows a group of attendants filling a grave with dirt.