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A series of four engravings depicting the standards of the Spanish and Goan Inquisitions (top), a man awaiting judgement (bottom left), and a nun who avoided being condemned to the stake by confessing (bottom right). The standard of the Spanish Inquisition features a cross made of rough logs, flanked by a sword and a branch with the motto, "EXURGE DOMINE ET JUDICA CAUSAM TUAM PSALM 73." The standard of the Goan Inquisition features a Dominican monk holding a sword and branch above a dog holding a torch to an orb with the motto, "MISERICORDIA ET JUSTITIA."

A series of four engravings depicting the standards of the Spanish and Goan Inquisitions (top), a man awaiting judgement (bottom left), and a nun who avoided being condemned to the stake by confessing (bottom right). The standard of the Spanish Inquisition features a cross made of rough logs, flanked by a sword and a branch with the motto, "EXURGE DOMINE ET JUDICA CAUSAM TUAM PSALM 73." The standard of the Goan Inquisition features a Dominican monk holding a sword and branch above a dog holding a torch to an orb with the motto, "MISERICORDIA ET JUSTITIA."

An engraving depicting a portrait of St. Bridget of Sweden above a crosier, a coat of arms bearing a cross, and an image of Jesus appearing to her to convey the number of blows he suffered during the Passion.

An engraving depicting a portrait of St. Bridget of Sweden above a crosier, a coat of arms bearing a cross, and an image of Jesus appearing to her to convey the number of blows he suffered during the Passion.

An engraving depicting Jesus leading the Apostles, with a hand on Peter's back, towards St. Peter's Basilica. Below the image is a passage from Matthew 16, "Super hanc petram aedificabo ecclesiam meam" (On this rock I will build my church).

An engraving depicting Jesus leading the Apostles, with a hand on Peter's back, towards St. Peter's Basilica. Below the image is a passage from Matthew 16, "Super hanc petram aedificabo ecclesiam meam" (On this rock I will build my church).

An engraving depicting the torture of Saints Tarachus, Probus, and Andronicus before their martyrdom. The image shows one of the saints standing before the governor Numerian Maximus, while implements of torture, including hot coals, appear in the foreground and background.

An engraving depicting the torture of Saints Tarachus, Probus, and Andronicus before their martyrdom. The image shows one of the saints standing before the governor Numerian Maximus, while implements of torture, including hot coals, appear in the foreground and background.

An engraving depicting the martyrdom of Saints Tarachus, Probus, and Andronicus. The image shows the three men lying in an arena, praying and appealing to heaven as they are surrounded by a lion and bear which refuse to attack them.

An engraving depicting the martyrdom of Saints Tarachus, Probus, and Andronicus. The image shows the three men lying in an arena, praying and appealing to heaven as they are surrounded by a lion and bear which refuse to attack them.

An engraving of the two beasts mentioned in Revelations. On the left, is the seven-headed beast from the sea. On the hill to the right is the "lamb-horned" beast from the earth.

An engraving of the two beasts mentioned in Revelations. On the left, is the seven-headed beast from the sea. On the hill to the right is the "lamb-horned" beast from the earth.

The scene of Christ's circumcision described in Luke 2:21 (after the style of Albrecht Dürer). The text beneath the image engraved by C. Schonaeus reads: "Cernis ut octava sit circuncisus Iesus / Luce puer, tenero accipiens in corpore vulnus, / Ad normam veteris legis, ritumque receptum, / Isacidis multos observatumque per annos."

The scene of Christ's circumcision described in Luke 2:21 (after the style of Albrecht Dürer). The text beneath the image engraved by C. Schonaeus reads: "Cernis ut octava sit circuncisus Iesus / Luce puer, tenero accipiens in corpore vulnus, / Ad normam veteris legis, ritumque receptum, / Isacidis multos observatumque per annos."

An engraving of the Column of the Virgin, which originally supported part of the Basilica of Constantine and was moved by Pope Paul V to the Piazza Santa Maria Maggiore across from the eastern face of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. Surrounding the depiction of the column iteslf are four panels showing the inscriptions that appear on each side of the column's base.

An engraving of the Column of the Virgin, which originally supported part of the Basilica of Constantine and was moved by Pope Paul V to the Piazza Santa Maria Maggiore across from the eastern face of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. Surrounding the depiction of the column iteslf are four panels showing the inscriptions that appear on each side of the column's base.

An engraving depicting a session of the Council of Trent with the label, "The Representation of the Fathers assembled in the Council of Trent: begun about the end of the year 1545. Concluded towards the end of 1563, under the Pontificate of Paul III, Julius III, Marcel II, Paul IV, and Pius IV. There were XXV Sessions, in which were present VII Cardinals, V whereof were the Popes LEgates, XVI Ambassadours from Kings, Princes & Republicks, CCL Patriarchs, Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots and Generals of Orders, All Divines and Doctours of the Civil and Canon Law."

An engraving depicting a session of the Council of Trent with the label, "The Representation of the Fathers assembled in the Council of Trent: begun about the end of the year 1545. Concluded towards the end of 1563, under the Pontificate of Paul III, Julius III, Marcel II, Paul IV, and Pius IV. There were XXV Sessions, in which were present VII Cardinals, V whereof were the Popes LEgates, XVI Ambassadours from Kings, Princes & Republicks, CCL Patriarchs, Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots and Generals of Orders, All Divines and Doctours of the Civil and Canon Law."

An engraving depicting a scene from the fifteenth book of the epic poem, Saint Louys, in which Alfasel (bottom right), who had accidentally wounded Zahide (bottom left) with a poisoned arrow while aiming for Lisamante, commits suicide. Meanwhile, Zahide is taken prisioner while in the background, the battle between the crusaders and the Saracens continues.

An engraving depicting a scene from the fifteenth book of the epic poem, Saint Louys, in which Alfasel (bottom right), who had accidentally wounded Zahide (bottom left) with a poisoned arrow while aiming for Lisamante, commits suicide. Meanwhile, Zahide is taken prisioner while in the background, the battle between the crusaders and the Saracens continues.

An engraving depicting a scene from the sixth book of the epic poem, Saint Louys, in which Sultan Mélédin (left), who had been preparing to sacrifice his daughter, Zahide (left, kneeling), watches as his son, Prince Muratan (center), stabs himself so that he can be sacrificed in his sister's place. The ene takes place on an altar beside the Nile river, where the Sultan and his children are joined by Mirème, the sorcerer, and a young woman holding a plate (possibly Almasonte, who later saves Zahide when she and her brother fall in the river).

An engraving depicting a scene from the sixth book of the epic poem, Saint Louys, in which Sultan Mélédin (left), who had been preparing to sacrifice his daughter, Zahide (left, kneeling), watches as his son, Prince Muratan (center), stabs himself so that he can be sacrificed in his sister's place. The ene takes place on an altar beside the Nile river, where the Sultan and his children are joined by Mirème, the sorcerer, and a young woman holding a plate (possibly Almasonte, who later saves Zahide when she and her brother fall in the river).

An engraving depicting a scene from the eleventh book of the epic poem, Saint Louys, in which, while in disguse as crusaders, Mélédor and Alzir infiltrate the French camp to rescue Almasonte and Zahide, who they then unknowingly duel, resulting in Zahide killing Mélédor (bottom right), and Alzir killing Almasonte and then committing suicide (center left).

An engraving depicting a scene from the eleventh book of the epic poem, Saint Louys, in which, while in disguse as crusaders, Mélédor and Alzir infiltrate the French camp to rescue Almasonte and Zahide, who they then unknowingly duel, resulting in Zahide killing Mélédor (bottom right), and Alzir killing Almasonte and then committing suicide (center left).

An engraving depicting a scene from the fourth book of the epic poem, Saint Louys, in which a pair of extravagently dressed figures appear riding an elephant, above which hangs a globe or disc representing the Heavens, with the fire of the sun encircling it as a cherub (representing modest love) sits atop it.

An engraving depicting a scene from the fourth book of the epic poem, Saint Louys, in which a pair of extravagently dressed figures appear riding an elephant, above which hangs a globe or disc representing the Heavens, with the fire of the sun encircling it as a cherub (representing modest love) sits atop it.

An engraving of the Esquiline Obelisk, sometimes known as the Liberian Obelisk, which originally stood as a pair with the Quirinal Obelisk on the Campus Martius in front of the Mausoleum of Augustus and was later moved by Pope Sixtus V to the PIazza dell'Esquilino near the western facade of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. Surrounding the depiction of the column iteslf are three panels showing the inscriptions that appear on each side of the column's base, while the fourth is incorporated into the image of the obelisk itself.

An engraving of the Esquiline Obelisk, sometimes known as the Liberian Obelisk, which originally stood as a pair with the Quirinal Obelisk on the Campus Martius in front of the Mausoleum of Augustus and was later moved by Pope Sixtus V to the PIazza dell'Esquilino near the western facade of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. Surrounding the depiction of the column iteslf are three panels showing the inscriptions that appear on each side of the column's base, while the fourth is incorporated into the image of the obelisk itself.

An engraving depicting a scene from the fourteenth book of the epic poem, Saint Louys, in which the body of the martyred Robert d'Artois, the brother of Saint Louis who fell in battle during the siege of Mansourah, is laid to rest in a tomb decorated with scenes of battle by a group of angels.

An engraving depicting a scene from the fourteenth book of the epic poem, Saint Louys, in which the body of the martyred Robert d'Artois, the brother of Saint Louis who fell in battle during the siege of Mansourah, is laid to rest in a tomb decorated with scenes of battle by a group of angels.

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining nuns. The bishop gives the nuns their rings (top left), the bishop crowns the nuns with wreaths (top right), the reading of the anathema (middle left), nuns present their candles (middle right), the bishop celebrates communion with the nuns (bottom left) and the bishop gives the nuns their breviaries (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining nuns. The bishop gives the nuns their rings (top left), the bishop crowns the nuns with wreaths (top right), the reading of the anathema (middle left), nuns present their candles (middle right), the bishop celebrates communion with the nuns (bottom left) and the bishop gives the nuns their breviaries (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining a Roman Catholic bishop, including his presentation (top left), his oath (top right), his bowing before the altar (middle left) anointing (middle right), the anointing of his hands, (bottom left), and the bestowal of his crosier (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining a Roman Catholic bishop, including his presentation (top left), his oath (top right), his bowing before the altar (middle left) anointing (middle right), the anointing of his hands, (bottom left), and the bestowal of his crosier (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining a Roman Catholic bishop: including the bestowal of his ring (top left), bestowal of a book of the gospels (top right), presenting the torches, the bread and the wine (middle left), dressing in his miter (middle right), receiving his crosier (bottom left), and dressing in his pallium (lower right).

A series of six engravings depicting elements of the process of ordaining a Roman Catholic bishop: including the bestowal of his ring (top left), bestowal of a book of the gospels (top right), presenting the torches, the bread and the wine (middle left), dressing in his miter (middle right), receiving his crosier (bottom left), and dressing in his pallium (lower right).

A series of six engravings depicting Elements of the processes of ordaining abbots, abbesses, and nuns: the abbot receiving his ecclesiastical habit (top left), the laying on of hands (top right), the abbess receiving her veil (middle left), nuns being consecrated (middle right), blessing the habits of the nuns (bottom left), and nuns receiving their veils (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting Elements of the processes of ordaining abbots, abbesses, and nuns: the abbot receiving his ecclesiastical habit (top left), the laying on of hands (top right), the abbess receiving her veil (middle left), nuns being consecrated (middle right), blessing the habits of the nuns (bottom left), and nuns receiving their veils (bottom right).

An engraving depicting a scene of the pope (possibly Pope Gregory XIII) enthroned and surrounded by bishops and cardinals, a dove perched on the back of his throne. Surrounding this scene is a series of portraits of saints and biblical figures, including (from top left down, around, and up): Saint Augustine, Saint John, Saint Matthew, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Paul, Pope Gregory I (Saint), Saint Ambrose, Jeremiah, Isaiah, David, Job, Moses, and Saint Jerome.

An engraving depicting a scene of the pope (possibly Pope Gregory XIII) enthroned and surrounded by bishops and cardinals, a dove perched on the back of his throne. Surrounding this scene is a series of portraits of saints and biblical figures, including (from top left down, around, and up): Saint Augustine, Saint John, Saint Matthew, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Paul, Pope Gregory I (Saint), Saint Ambrose, Jeremiah, Isaiah, David, Job, Moses, and Saint Jerome.

Three engravings depicting the front of the Shroud of Besançon and the front and back of the Shroud of Turin.

Three engravings depicting the front of the Shroud of Besançon and the front and back of the Shroud of Turin.