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A woodcut depicting a bishop greeting the retinue of a traveling cardinal. The cardinal rides a horse with attendants holding a canopy above him while the remainder of his retinue stands before him and a bishop stands in a doorway. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs supporting fruit trees. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting a bishop greeting the retinue of a traveling cardinal. The cardinal rides a horse with attendants holding a canopy above him while the remainder of his retinue stands before him and a bishop stands in a doorway. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs supporting fruit trees. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the traveling retinue of an empress or queen. The empress or queen sits side-saddle on a horse with attendents holding a canopy above her while a procession holding a cross go before her. The scene is flanked by ornamental scroll work featuring cherubs. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the traveling retinue of an empress or queen. The empress or queen sits side-saddle on a horse with attendents holding a canopy above her while a procession holding a cross go before her. The scene is flanked by ornamental scroll work featuring cherubs. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A medallion featuring the Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) with a cross banner.

A medallion featuring the Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) with a cross banner.

An architectural historiated woodcut border on the title page of Luther's German Catechism. The border consists of a decorative arch, topped with a pair of cherubs supporting a roundel with the Luther rose on the left and a crest with the Lamb of God on the right. At the bottom of the page, the scene of the Crucifixion is depicted with Jesus in the center, flanked by the two thieves, however as the bottom right corner of the page is torn away, the second thief is missing.

An architectural historiated woodcut border on the title page of Luther's German Catechism. The border consists of a decorative arch, topped with a pair of cherubs supporting a roundel with the Luther rose on the left and a crest with the Lamb of God on the right. At the bottom of the page, the scene of the Crucifixion is depicted with Jesus in the center, flanked by the two thieves, however as the bottom right corner of the page is torn away, the second thief is missing.

A woodcut depicting a bishop blessing a new cross on a church altar. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs supporting fruit trees. This woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting a bishop blessing a new cross on a church altar. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs supporting fruit trees. This woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A series of six engravings depicting a variety of Catholic blessings, including: blessing of priestly robes (top left), blessing of the cross (top right), adoration of the cross (middle left), blessing of the sun (middle right) blessing of a soldier (bottom left), and blessing of a flag (bottom right).

A series of six engravings depicting a variety of Catholic blessings, including: blessing of priestly robes (top left), blessing of the cross (top right), adoration of the cross (middle left), blessing of the sun (middle right) blessing of a soldier (bottom left), and blessing of a flag (bottom right).

A pair of engravings depicting the observance of Maundy Thursday (top) by washing the feet of twelve poor people, and Good Friday (bottom) by offering addoration to the Cross.

A pair of engravings depicting the observance of Maundy Thursday (top) by washing the feet of twelve poor people, and Good Friday (bottom) by offering addoration to the Cross.

A communion token from the U. P. Congregation in Bishop Auckland, Durham, England. The token is circular with inscriptions on the obverse, "U. P. Congregation + Bishop Auckland + Revd. Thos. Boyd 1867", and reverse, "Ticket of Admission to the + Lord's Table + [cross] 1 Cor. XI.24."

A communion token from the U. P. Congregation in Bishop Auckland, Durham, England. The token is circular with inscriptions on the obverse, "U. P. Congregation + Bishop Auckland + Revd. Thos. Boyd 1867", and reverse, "Ticket of Admission to the + Lord's Table + [cross] 1 Cor. XI.24."

A woodcut depicting the consecration of a bishop. The bishop elect kneels before a trio of consecrating bishops, one of whom marks the bishop elect's forehead with the sign of the cross in holy oil. The scene is flanked by ornamental scroll work featuring pelicans and snails. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the consecration of a bishop. The bishop elect kneels before a trio of consecrating bishops, one of whom marks the bishop elect's forehead with the sign of the cross in holy oil. The scene is flanked by ornamental scroll work featuring pelicans and snails. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A series of six engravings depicting the steps of consecration for new items within a church, including a cross, a bell and a statue.

A series of six engravings depicting the steps of consecration for new items within a church, including a cross, a bell and a statue.

A series of six engravings depicting the process of consecrating the interior of a church with holy oil. The scenes show a bishop anointing and consecrating parts of a church, known as chrism, including crosses on the walls, the trappings of the altar, and the altar itself.

A series of six engravings depicting the process of consecrating the interior of a church with holy oil. The scenes show a bishop anointing and consecrating parts of a church, known as chrism, including crosses on the walls, the trappings of the altar, and the altar itself.

A woodcut depicting the dedication or consecration of a church. A bishop follows a procession of preists bearing a container of relics draped in ornate fabric to be placed inside the altar. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs standing atop eagles and bags of snakes. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A woodcut depicting the dedication or consecration of a church. A bishop follows a procession of preists bearing a container of relics draped in ornate fabric to be placed inside the altar. The scene is flanked by a pair of cherubs standing atop eagles and bags of snakes. The woodcut is reused throughout the work.

A procession of pilgrims carrying a cross along the Via Dolorosa.

A procession of pilgrims carrying a cross along the Via Dolorosa.

An engraved border to Descrizione di Roma moderna formata nvovamente. The engraving depicts a pair of figures, one holding a cross and chalice and the other holding an anchor flanking a crest with three bees (the Barberini family) crowned by a galero (bottom), a pair of cherubs with shields (one with the papal keys and the other with S.P.Q.R.

An engraved border to Descrizione di Roma moderna formata nvovamente. The engraving depicts a pair of figures, one holding a cross and chalice and the other holding an anchor flanking a crest with three bees (the Barberini family) crowned by a galero (bottom), a pair of cherubs with shields (one with the papal keys and the other with S.P.Q.R.

A woodcut border to Luther's German translation of the Old Testament printed in 1523. The border is composed of one woodcut depicting an architectural arch supported by four columns, a gathering of cherubs (top and sides), and a group of worshipers (?) around a crucified Christ (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's German translation of the Old Testament printed in 1523. The border is composed of one woodcut depicting an architectural arch supported by four columns, a gathering of cherubs (top and sides), and a group of worshipers (?) around a crucified Christ (bottom).

An engraved title page to Onuphrii Panuinii Veronensis Fratris Eremitae Augustiniani. XXVII. Pontificum Maximorum elogia et imagines. The engraving depicts a sculpted building facade including a base with two coats of arms and an illustration of a stork standing before a desert city (bottom); two columns with a two coats of arms and four icons featuring a peacock, anvil, burning barrel, and an obelisk (sides); and at the top, two papal crests flanking a woman holding a cross and the Keys of Heaven, while above her is a dove representing the Holy Spirit.

An engraved title page to Onuphrii Panuinii Veronensis Fratris Eremitae Augustiniani. XXVII. Pontificum Maximorum elogia et imagines. The engraving depicts a sculpted building facade including a base with two coats of arms and an illustration of a stork standing before a desert city (bottom); two columns with a two coats of arms and four icons featuring a peacock, anvil, burning barrel, and an obelisk (sides); and at the top, two papal crests flanking a woman holding a cross and the Keys of Heaven, while above her is a dove representing the Holy Spirit.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's De captivitate babylonica ecclesiae printed in 1520. The border is comprised of a single woodcut. At the bottom, there is a crest with the Brazen Serpent coiled around a cross with two men pulling it from either side. On the sides, there are two plinths, cherubs, and riders atop a pair of centaur-like figures. At the top, there is another crest featuring two towers and a striped shield.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's De captivitate babylonica ecclesiae printed in 1520. The border is comprised of a single woodcut. At the bottom, there is a crest with the Brazen Serpent coiled around a cross with two men pulling it from either side. On the sides, there are two plinths, cherubs, and riders atop a pair of centaur-like figures. At the top, there is another crest featuring two towers and a striped shield.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Sermon von den Heiltumen printed in 1522. The border consists of four woodcuts, all featuring plant motifs with added elements, including: a bird (left), birds and bugs (top), fruits (right), and an urn (bottom). Within the border and below the title is a fifth woodcut depicting the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, with the Virgin Mary to the left and a saint to the right.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Sermon von den Heiltumen printed in 1522. The border consists of four woodcuts, all featuring plant motifs with added elements, including: a bird (left), birds and bugs (top), fruits (right), and an urn (bottom). Within the border and below the title is a fifth woodcut depicting the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, with the Virgin Mary to the left and a saint to the right.

The act of instructing the ignorant, illustrated and accompanied by scriptural references.

The act of instructing the ignorant, illustrated and accompanied by scriptural references.

This large-format broadside was probably issued to commemorate and popularize the canonization of Charles Borromeo (1538-1584) in November of 1610. Borromeo was a crucial interlocutor during the final sessions of the Council of Trent and also undertook many reforming practices while serving as the Archbishop of Milan. Although the engraving was printed in Antwerp, the text including the detailed captions demonstrate that it was intended for an Italian audience.

This large-format broadside was probably issued to commemorate and popularize the canonization of Charles Borromeo (1538-1584) in November of 1610. Borromeo was a crucial interlocutor during the final sessions of the Council of Trent and also undertook many reforming practices while serving as the Archbishop of Milan. Although the engraving was printed in Antwerp, the text including the detailed captions demonstrate that it was intended for an Italian audience.

An initial letter "R" featuring Jesus rising from his tomb and holding a standard bearing the cross.

An initial letter "R" featuring Jesus rising from his tomb and holding a standard bearing the cross.