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Subject Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
  • Indulgences were issued to defray the cost of building the basilica of St. Peter in Rome. Their distribution was often linked to the sacrament of penance, as believers were granted spiritual merits in exchange for financial donations. This particular indulgence, believed to be the only specimen of its kind thus far recovered, was issued specifically to clergy, granting them liturgical benefits in exchange for their contributions. The printing of this indulgence was probably ordered by Johann Tetzel himself and carried out by Melchior Lotter, the Elder, who was also to print an edition of Luther's ninety-five theses. This is the only copy of this edition of this indulgence recovered. J. Tetzel was responsible for the printing of 11 indulgences, issued in 15 editions. This copy was found within a book binding dated 1530, serving as an end paper, by the German bibliographer and Reformation scholar Fritz Beyer in 1937.
    Text

    Albertus Dei et Apostolice Sedis gratia Maguntinen[sis] [sic] et Magdeburgen[sis] Archiepiscop[us] ac Halberstaten[sis] ecclesiar[m] Administrator, Germanie Primas ... Indulgence

    Albert, of Brandenburg, Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, Cardinal, 1490-1545
    Indulgences were issued to defray the cost of building the basilica of St. Peter in Rome. Their distribution was often linked to the sacrament of penance, as believers were granted spiritual merits in exchange for financial donations. This particular indulgence, believed to be the only specimen of its kind thus far recovered, was issued specifically to clergy, granting them liturgical benefits in exchange for their contributions.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1515
    Collections
    Albertus Dei et Apostolice Sedis gratia Maguntinen[sis] [sic] et Magdeburgen[sis] Archiepiscop[us] ac Halberstaten[sis] ecclesiar[m] Administrator, Germanie Primas ... Indulgence, Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    Indulgences were issued to defray the cost of building the basilica of St. Peter in Rome. Their distribution was often linked to the sacrament of penance, as believers were granted spiritual merits in exchange for financial donations. This particular indulgence, believed to be the only specimen of its kind thus far recovered, was issued specifically to clergy, granting them liturgical benefits in exchange for their contributions.
  • Single sheet woodcut depicting Pope Leo X on a throne that is about to topple. Behind him are priests and monks and below them a group of Jesuits, who are trying to support the toppling throne. Leo's key, the symbol of the Petrine office is crumbling in the pope's hands. Facing Leo is Martin Luther holding an open Bible. Below him is a group of reformers led by Philipp Melanchthon, each holding a book (Bible). In the center below Leo is Friedrich Staphylus depicted as Judas Iscariot. Staphylus was a student of Philipp Melanchthon's, who rejoined the Catholic Church in 1553.
    Still image

    Des Ehrwirdigen Herrn Doctoris Martini Lutheri, gottseligen, Triumph, und Verantwortung, wider die gottlosen Schmehschrifft, der newen Münch, der Jesuiter, welche sie vnter dem Titel, Anatomia Lutheri, ausgesprenget haben

    Single sheet woodcut depicting Pope Leo X on a throne that is about to topple. Behind him are priests and monks and below them a group of Jesuits, who are trying to support the toppling throne. Leo's key, the symbol of the Petrine office is crumbling in the pope's hands. Facing Leo is Martin Luther holding an open Bible. Below him is a group of reformers led by Philipp Melanchthon, each holding a book (Bible). In the center below Leo is Friedrich Staphylus depicted as Judas Iscariot. Staphylus was a student of Philipp Melanchthon's, who rejoined the Catholic Church in 1553.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Created
    1565/1570
    Collections
    Reformation-era Woodcut collection, Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    Single sheet woodcut depicting Pope Leo X on a throne that is about to topple. Behind him are priests and monks and below them a group of Jesuits, who are trying to support the toppling throne. Leo's key, the symbol of the Petrine office is crumbling in the pope's hands. Facing Leo is Martin Luther holding an open Bible. Below him is a group of reformers led by Philipp Melanchthon, each holding a book (Bible). In the center below Leo is Friedrich Staphylus depicted as Judas Iscariot. Staphylus was a student of Philipp Melanchthon's, who rejoined the Catholic Church in 1553.
  • Summary: A letter by Luther to Pope Leo X. Leo had issued his famous bull 'Exsurge Domine' on June 15 1520, demanding that Luther recant his teachings of face excommunication. Luther responded with this letter in September, seeking to explain his position, calling for the church to reform, while emphasizing that his critiques have been directed against abuses within the church, not against the person or office of the pope. When it became clear that no reconciliation was possible, Luther broke with the pope on December 10 by burning the excommunication bull and several volumes of canon law.
    Text

    Eyn Sendbrieff an den Bapst Leo den Czehenden

    Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
    Summary: A letter by Luther to Pope Leo X. Leo had issued his famous bull 'Exsurge Domine' on June 15 1520, demanding that Luther recant his teachings of face excommunication. Luther responded with this letter in September, seeking to explain his position, calling for the church to reform, while emphasizing that his critiques have been directed against abuses within the church, not against the person or office of the pope.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1520
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    Summary: A letter by Luther to Pope Leo X. Leo had issued his famous bull 'Exsurge Domine' on June 15 1520, demanding that Luther recant his teachings of face excommunication. Luther responded with this letter in September, seeking to explain his position, calling for the church to reform, while emphasizing that his critiques have been directed against abuses within the church, not against the person or office of the pope.
  • An engraved portrait of Pope Leo X, who sat as pope from 1513-1521. The portrait shows Leo X wearing a simple miter with his coat of arms featured in the upper right corner. The portrait is labeled "LEO. X. PAPA. FLORENTINVS".
    Still image

    Leo X Papa Florentinus

    Soye, Philippe de
    An engraved portrait of Pope Leo X, who sat as pope from 1513-1521. The portrait shows Leo X wearing a simple miter with his coat of arms featured in the upper right corner. The portrait is labeled "LEO. X. PAPA. FLORENTINVS".
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1568
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    An engraved portrait of Pope Leo X, who sat as pope from 1513-1521. The portrait shows Leo X wearing a simple miter with his coat of arms featured in the upper right corner. The portrait is labeled "LEO. X. PAPA. FLORENTINVS".
  • A woodcut depicting Martin Luther, in the garb of an Augustinian monk, debating a gathering of Catholic clergy members, including the Pope, a cardinal, a bishop, and a monk. This woodcut appears on the title page of a popular anonymous account of Luther's debate before the Diet of Worms in 1521.
    Still image

    Luther in debate with Cathoic clergy

    A woodcut depicting Martin Luther, in the garb of an Augustinian monk, debating a gathering of Catholic clergy members, including the Pope, a cardinal, a bishop, and a monk. This woodcut appears on the title page of a popular anonymous account of Luther's debate before the Diet of Worms in 1521.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1521
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A woodcut depicting Martin Luther, in the garb of an Augustinian monk, debating a gathering of Catholic clergy members, including the Pope, a cardinal, a bishop, and a monk. This woodcut appears on the title page of a popular anonymous account of Luther's debate before the Diet of Worms in 1521.
  • The title page of a printed version of the papal bull against Martin Luther featuring the papal arms of Leo X which incorporates the Medici family crest.
    Still image

    Papal Arms of Leo X

    The title page of a printed version of the papal bull against Martin Luther featuring the papal arms of Leo X which incorporates the Medici family crest.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1520
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    The title page of a printed version of the papal bull against Martin Luther featuring the papal arms of Leo X which incorporates the Medici family crest.
  • A woodcut of Pope Leo X's coat of arms, appearing on the title page of the official papal bull excommunicating Martin Luther. The coat of arms features the crossed keys to the kingdom of Heaven and the Papal crown, the traditional symbols of the Papacy, and the coat of arms of the Medici family, to which Pope Leo X belonged.
    Still image

    Pope Leo X's Coat of Arms

    A woodcut of Pope Leo X's coat of arms, appearing on the title page of the official papal bull excommunicating Martin Luther. The coat of arms features the crossed keys to the kingdom of Heaven and the Papal crown, the traditional symbols of the Papacy, and the coat of arms of the Medici family, to which Pope Leo X belonged.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1520
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A woodcut of Pope Leo X's coat of arms, appearing on the title page of the official papal bull excommunicating Martin Luther. The coat of arms features the crossed keys to the kingdom of Heaven and the Papal crown, the traditional symbols of the Papacy, and the coat of arms of the Medici family, to which Pope Leo X belonged.
  • Summary: This is the third of Luther's three great reformation tracts of 1520. Addressed to Pope Leo X, this work is a discourse on the freedom of the will, turning on the paradox: A Christian is free, lord over all things, subject to no one. A Christian is a bounden servant of all, and subject to everyone. This is the fourth printing of Luther's own German translation.
    Text

    Von der Freyhayt Aines Christen menschen

    Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
    Summary: This is the third of Luther's three great reformation tracts of 1520. Addressed to Pope Leo X, this work is a discourse on the freedom of the will, turning on the paradox: A Christian is free, lord over all things, subject to no one. A Christian is a bounden servant of all, and subject to everyone. This is the fourth printing of Luther's own German translation.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1520
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    Summary: This is the third of Luther's three great reformation tracts of 1520. Addressed to Pope Leo X, this work is a discourse on the freedom of the will, turning on the paradox: A Christian is free, lord over all things, subject to no one. A Christian is a bounden servant of all, and subject to everyone. This is the fourth printing of Luther's own German translation.
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