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Summary: Karlstadt wrote a great deal on the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. His determination to afford the laity and active part in the celebration was to have disastrous consequences for him both professionally and personally.

Summary: Karlstadt wrote a great deal on the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. His determination to afford the laity and active part in the celebration was to have disastrous consequences for him both professionally and personally.

Summary: A short tract by Erasmus on the composition of letters.

Summary: A short tract by Erasmus on the composition of letters.

Summary: Luther wrote this exposition of the Magnificent (Luke 1:46-55) in March 1521. He dedicated it to Duke Johann Frederich of Saxony as a token of his thanks to the Duke for his support and encouragement after Luther's condemnation by Pope Leo X. Text in German includes Luther's German translation of the Magnificat from the N.T. Greek of St. Luke's Gospel.

Summary: Luther wrote this exposition of the Magnificent (Luke 1:46-55) in March 1521. He dedicated it to Duke Johann Frederich of Saxony as a token of his thanks to the Duke for his support and encouragement after Luther's condemnation by Pope Leo X. Text in German includes Luther's German translation of the Magnificat from the N.T. Greek of St. Luke's Gospel.

Summary: Third printing of a sermon by Martin Luther contrasting the respective powers of Christ and Herod, whereby the latter is associated with papal authority.

Summary: Third printing of a sermon by Martin Luther contrasting the respective powers of Christ and Herod, whereby the latter is associated with papal authority.

Summary: Early Luther sermon on how a Christian ought to view the suffering and death of Christ. First printed in 1519, this is the fifth documented Wittenberg printing of the text.

Summary: Early Luther sermon on how a Christian ought to view the suffering and death of Christ. First printed in 1519, this is the fifth documented Wittenberg printing of the text.

Summary: An early predecessor of Luther's Small Catechism, containing a simple explanation of the Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, and the Lord's Prayer.

Summary: An early predecessor of Luther's Small Catechism, containing a simple explanation of the Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, and the Lord's Prayer.

A woodcut depicting Hieronymus Emser's coat of arms which features a shield emblazoned with a goat's head and a helmet crowned with a goat's head. A label to the side of the crest reads "ARMA HIERONYMI EMSER".

A woodcut depicting Hieronymus Emser's coat of arms which features a shield emblazoned with a goat's head and a helmet crowned with a goat's head. A label to the side of the crest reads "ARMA HIERONYMI EMSER".

A woodcut border to Tommaso de Vio Cajetan's De diuina institutione Pontificatus Romani Pontificis super tota[m] ecclesiam: a Christo in Petro printed in 1521. The border consists of four separate woodcuts depicting floral and decorative column motifs.

A woodcut border to Tommaso de Vio Cajetan's De diuina institutione Pontificatus Romani Pontificis super tota[m] ecclesiam: a Christo in Petro printed in 1521. The border consists of four separate woodcuts depicting floral and decorative column motifs.

The title page of Martin Luther's Auff des bocks zu Leypczick Antwort featuring several scenes, including: two men operating a printing press (bottom left), a man wearing worn clothes and carrying two flaggons and a cup with bees flying arouns his head (center left), an owl being harrassed by smaller birds (top right), an eagle (top center), a bear attacking a cow (top right), a dog attacking a deer (top-center right), a wolf attacking a sheep (bottom-center right), a man with a pole and a satchel (bottom right), and a heron standing beside Johann Rhau-Grunenberg's monogram "IG

The title page of Martin Luther's Auff des bocks zu Leypczick Antwort featuring several scenes, including: two men operating a printing press (bottom left), a man wearing worn clothes and carrying two flaggons and a cup with bees flying arouns his head (center left), an owl being harrassed by smaller birds (top right), an eagle (top center), a bear attacking a cow (top right), a dog attacking a deer (top-center right), a wolf attacking a sheep (bottom-center right), a man with a pole and a satchel (bottom right), and a heron standing beside Johann Rhau-Grunenberg's monogram "IG

The title page of Thomas Netter's Doctrinalis antiquitatu[m] ecclesiae Iesu Christi liber quintus, ac tomus secundus de sacramentis, editus in Vvitcleffistas, & eoru[m] asseclas featuring a central image of a printer's workshop with two men operating the press and a third arranging type. A decorative border surrounds the title and cetral image, including several cherubs, stylized fish, sirens, and armor.

The title page of Thomas Netter's Doctrinalis antiquitatu[m] ecclesiae Iesu Christi liber quintus, ac tomus secundus de sacramentis, editus in Vvitcleffistas, & eoru[m] asseclas featuring a central image of a printer's workshop with two men operating the press and a third arranging type. A decorative border surrounds the title and cetral image, including several cherubs, stylized fish, sirens, and armor.

A woodcut border on the title page of Karlstadt's treatise on which books should be considered canonical alongside the Bible. The border is made up of four separate woodcuts, all with unique floral designs.

A woodcut border on the title page of Karlstadt's treatise on which books should be considered canonical alongside the Bible. The border is made up of four separate woodcuts, all with unique floral designs.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Iudicium de votis printed in 1521. The border is done as a single woodcut depicting a monk (left), a nun (right), a Green Man of pagan and Christian lore (bottom), and a bowl of fruit (top). The intermediate spaces are filled with floral and plant decorative motifs.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Iudicium de votis printed in 1521. The border is done as a single woodcut depicting a monk (left), a nun (right), a Green Man of pagan and Christian lore (bottom), and a bowl of fruit (top). The intermediate spaces are filled with floral and plant decorative motifs.

The title page of Martin Luther's Passional Christi vnnd Antichristi featuring an architectural arch decorated with floral and vegetal patterns, a pair of cherubs framed with grape vines holding up the title from the top of each side of the arch.

The title page of Martin Luther's Passional Christi vnnd Antichristi featuring an architectural arch decorated with floral and vegetal patterns, a pair of cherubs framed with grape vines holding up the title from the top of each side of the arch.

Summary: This poem is Hutten's reaction to the burning of Luther's books at Mainz by papal legates.

Summary: This poem is Hutten's reaction to the burning of Luther's books at Mainz by papal legates.

Summary: One of three reprints from the year of its first publication, this work by Melanchthon is one of the earliest textbooks for the study of rhetoric as an integral part of an education in the liberal arts.

Summary: One of three reprints from the year of its first publication, this work by Melanchthon is one of the earliest textbooks for the study of rhetoric as an integral part of an education in the liberal arts.

A woodcut depicting Martin Luther, in the garb of an Augustinian monk, debating a gathering of Catholic clergy members, including the Pope, a cardinal, a bishop, and a monk. This woodcut appears on the title page of a popular anonymous account of Luther's debate before the Diet of Worms in 1521.

A woodcut depicting Martin Luther, in the garb of an Augustinian monk, debating a gathering of Catholic clergy members, including the Pope, a cardinal, a bishop, and a monk. This woodcut appears on the title page of a popular anonymous account of Luther's debate before the Diet of Worms in 1521.

A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible, and flanked by two decorated pillars. Appears to be done after the woodcut portrait by Hans Baldung.

A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible, and flanked by two decorated pillars. Appears to be done after the woodcut portrait by Hans Baldung.

A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible, with a dove above him, representing the Holy Spirit.

A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible, with a dove above him, representing the Holy Spirit.

The digital edition of the 1521 Erfurt printing of Passional Christi und Antichristi, held by the Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection at Emory University. The digitized pamphlet has been overlayed with a searchable transcription of the printed text. In addition, annotations have been added that provide transcriptions and translations of all manuscript marginalia, as well as commentaries by subject matter experts.

The digital edition of the 1521 Erfurt printing of Passional Christi und Antichristi, held by the Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection at Emory University. The digitized pamphlet has been overlayed with a searchable transcription of the printed text. In addition, annotations have been added that provide transcriptions and translations of all manuscript marginalia, as well as commentaries by subject matter experts.

Summary: This is Luther's tract on auricular confession. The sacrament of penance was the focus of Luther's most vehement criticisms. Not only was the sacrament the course of numerous abuses, indulgence selling among them, but attacks on the efficacy of priestly absolution called into question the sacramental authority of all priests, the pope included.

Summary: This is Luther's tract on auricular confession. The sacrament of penance was the focus of Luther's most vehement criticisms. Not only was the sacrament the course of numerous abuses, indulgence selling among them, but attacks on the efficacy of priestly absolution called into question the sacramental authority of all priests, the pope included.

Summary: This is a copy of A. von Alveld's defense of the Catholic Church's doctrine of clerical celibacy.

Summary: This is a copy of A. von Alveld's defense of the Catholic Church's doctrine of clerical celibacy.