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A woodcut depicting a monk in conversation with a knight. The woodcut appears on the title page of Luther's letter to the head of the Teutonic Order of Knights arguing against the requirement of celibacy.

A woodcut depicting a monk in conversation with a knight. The woodcut appears on the title page of Luther's letter to the head of the Teutonic Order of Knights arguing against the requirement of celibacy.

Summary: German translation by Ludwig Hätzer of Epistola contra Judaeorum, thought to be written in Arabic by Samuel of Marocco, an apostate Jew at the beginning of the 11th century and translated into Latin by the Spanish Dominican Alphonsus Bonihominis in the 14th century and widely disseminated. Bonihominis is likely the real author of the work.

Summary: German translation by Ludwig Hätzer of Epistola contra Judaeorum, thought to be written in Arabic by Samuel of Marocco, an apostate Jew at the beginning of the 11th century and translated into Latin by the Spanish Dominican Alphonsus Bonihominis in the 14th century and widely disseminated. Bonihominis is likely the real author of the work.

Summary: This work is an anonymous translation to German from Latin of Luther's letter (Ad inlustrissimum principem Carolum Sabaudiae ducem Epistola) to Duke Charles III of Savoy, dated September 7, 1523.

Summary: This work is an anonymous translation to German from Latin of Luther's letter (Ad inlustrissimum principem Carolum Sabaudiae ducem Epistola) to Duke Charles III of Savoy, dated September 7, 1523.

Summary: H. Sachs the Nuremberg "Master-Singer" and shoemaker became an early and ardent supporter of Luther and the Protestant cause. In this "trio-logue" a baker named Peter, a monk named Heinrich, and a shoemaker named Hans discuss questions relating to monastic life and monastic vows. The work is in prose, a change from Sachs' usual rhymed couplet format. This printing is from the same year as the first printing and re-uses the woodcut from the title page of the first printing.

Summary: H. Sachs the Nuremberg "Master-Singer" and shoemaker became an early and ardent supporter of Luther and the Protestant cause. In this "trio-logue" a baker named Peter, a monk named Heinrich, and a shoemaker named Hans discuss questions relating to monastic life and monastic vows. The work is in prose, a change from Sachs' usual rhymed couplet format. This printing is from the same year as the first printing and re-uses the woodcut from the title page of the first printing.

Summary: Sermon preached April 2, 1523 (Maundy Thursday), on the value and efficacy of the Holy Sacrament.

Summary: Sermon preached April 2, 1523 (Maundy Thursday), on the value and efficacy of the Holy Sacrament.

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Summary: Sixth printing of a letter addressed to Albrecht von Brandenburg (later Albert, Duke of Prussia) the new General of the Teutonic Knights. In response to a question by the general, Luther applies his critique of monastic celibacy to military orders, stressing that it is pleasing to God to have families and to raise children.

Summary: Sixth printing of a letter addressed to Albrecht von Brandenburg (later Albert, Duke of Prussia) the new General of the Teutonic Knights. In response to a question by the general, Luther applies his critique of monastic celibacy to military orders, stressing that it is pleasing to God to have families and to raise children.

Summary: Radical reformers such as Karlstadt believed that education was unnecessary for faith. Luther argued against such a position, asking all cities to set up schools to teach correct doctrine. He also emphasized the need for teaching Latin and Greek as part of Christian education. This is the first printing of this important tract.

Summary: Radical reformers such as Karlstadt believed that education was unnecessary for faith. Luther argued against such a position, asking all cities to set up schools to teach correct doctrine. He also emphasized the need for teaching Latin and Greek as part of Christian education. This is the first printing of this important tract.

Summary: This is the ninth printing of Luther's treatise addressed top the councilmen of Germany that they should promote the building of schools.

Summary: This is the ninth printing of Luther's treatise addressed top the councilmen of Germany that they should promote the building of schools.

Summary: In 1523, Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights formerly embraced Lutheranism and secularized the lands of the order in Prussia. Luther was named as his court preacher, and was one of Duke Albert's most trusted advisors. This is a letter to the members of the order, advising them to reject their vows of celibacy and marry.

Summary: In 1523, Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights formerly embraced Lutheranism and secularized the lands of the order in Prussia. Luther was named as his court preacher, and was one of Duke Albert's most trusted advisors. This is a letter to the members of the order, advising them to reject their vows of celibacy and marry.

Summary: This is a response, written by Zwingli and adopted by the Council of Zurich, to a warning letter from Hugo von Hohenlandenberg (1457-1532), Bishop of Constance, about the destruction of images (Simulacra) and the reform of the Holy Mass. The bishop argued that the Bible forbade only heathen images; Christian imagery was entirely licit and its use sanctioned by the Council of Nicaea. The book was circulated at the Diet of Lucerne in April 1524 but did not reach Zurich until early June.

Summary: This is a response, written by Zwingli and adopted by the Council of Zurich, to a warning letter from Hugo von Hohenlandenberg (1457-1532), Bishop of Constance, about the destruction of images (Simulacra) and the reform of the Holy Mass. The bishop argued that the Bible forbade only heathen images; Christian imagery was entirely licit and its use sanctioned by the Council of Nicaea. The book was circulated at the Diet of Lucerne in April 1524 but did not reach Zurich until early June.

Summary: German translation by Wenzeslaus Linck of Epistola contra Judaeorum, thought to be written in Arabic by Samuel of Marocco, an apostate Jew at the beginning of the 11th century and translated into Latin by the Spanish Dominican Alphonsus Bonihominis in the 14th century and widely disseminated. Bonihominis is likely the real author of the work.

Summary: German translation by Wenzeslaus Linck of Epistola contra Judaeorum, thought to be written in Arabic by Samuel of Marocco, an apostate Jew at the beginning of the 11th century and translated into Latin by the Spanish Dominican Alphonsus Bonihominis in the 14th century and widely disseminated. Bonihominis is likely the real author of the work.

Summary: Early edition of Erasmus' treatise on free human will and its limits.

Summary: Early edition of Erasmus' treatise on free human will and its limits.

Summary: Luther's first attempts to communicate with the Protestants at Riga were unsuccessful. Later, communications were established, and this commentary on Psalm 127 was the result of their request for something edifying. This is the seventh printing of the work.

Summary: Luther's first attempts to communicate with the Protestants at Riga were unsuccessful. Later, communications were established, and this commentary on Psalm 127 was the result of their request for something edifying. This is the seventh printing of the work.

Summary: First published in Latin in 1523, Luther defines in this tract the order of the Sunday worship service and the distribution of communion. This pamphlet is an important forerunner of Luther's "Deutsche Messe" (German Mass) published in 1526.

Summary: First published in Latin in 1523, Luther defines in this tract the order of the Sunday worship service and the distribution of communion. This pamphlet is an important forerunner of Luther's "Deutsche Messe" (German Mass) published in 1526.

Summary: Luther wrote his "Formula of the Mass and Communion" in 1523 at the insistence of N. Hausmann, the preacher at the Marienkirche, in Zwickau. Hausmann then wanted a German version to be used in his church. P. Speratus supplied one, and an unnamed Nuremberg translator supplied another. This is that Nuremberg work's first printing.

Summary: Luther wrote his "Formula of the Mass and Communion" in 1523 at the insistence of N. Hausmann, the preacher at the Marienkirche, in Zwickau. Hausmann then wanted a German version to be used in his church. P. Speratus supplied one, and an unnamed Nuremberg translator supplied another. This is that Nuremberg work's first printing.

Summary: Luther's letter to the provost, dean and canons of All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, written August 19, 1523, discussing the nature of the mass and his reasons for abolishing masses for the dead and for saints.

Summary: Luther's letter to the provost, dean and canons of All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, written August 19, 1523, discussing the nature of the mass and his reasons for abolishing masses for the dead and for saints.

Summary: This is the sixth printing of Luther's letter of consolation to the citizens of Miltenburg. Text in German includes Luther's German translation of Psalms CXX from the Hebrew O.T.

Summary: This is the sixth printing of Luther's letter of consolation to the citizens of Miltenburg. Text in German includes Luther's German translation of Psalms CXX from the Hebrew O.T.

Summary: This sermon on Genesis 1:1-5, was preached March 15, 1523. It is the first sermon that lasted until autumn, 1524. The entire series was not printed until 1527.

Summary: This sermon on Genesis 1:1-5, was preached March 15, 1523. It is the first sermon that lasted until autumn, 1524. The entire series was not printed until 1527.

Summary: This is the first volume of printed hymns for church use ever compiled. Jobst Gutknecht, the Nuremberg printer, gathered eight broadside hymns into one collection, thus making the world's first church hymnal. Four hymns are by Luther, three are by Paul Speratus, and one is anonymous.

Summary: This is the first volume of printed hymns for church use ever compiled. Jobst Gutknecht, the Nuremberg printer, gathered eight broadside hymns into one collection, thus making the world's first church hymnal. Four hymns are by Luther, three are by Paul Speratus, and one is anonymous.

Summary: Fourth printing of an open letter by Martin Luther to the princes of Saxony, in which he calls on them to monitor the actions of Thomas Müntzer in order to prevent the outbreak of violence. When war did break out the following year, Luther was one of the harshest critics of the rebelling peasants.

Summary: Fourth printing of an open letter by Martin Luther to the princes of Saxony, in which he calls on them to monitor the actions of Thomas Müntzer in order to prevent the outbreak of violence. When war did break out the following year, Luther was one of the harshest critics of the rebelling peasants.

Summary: One of nine 1524 printings of this short anti-monastic tract by the Nuremberg cobbler and playright Hans Sachs.

Summary: One of nine 1524 printings of this short anti-monastic tract by the Nuremberg cobbler and playright Hans Sachs.

Summary: Protestants made Savonarola out to be a martyr, even though he would certainly not have supported their views. This commentary on Psalm 51, "Lord have mercy upon me," was written during his imprisonment in 1498. Luther wrote the introduction to this edition.

Summary: Protestants made Savonarola out to be a martyr, even though he would certainly not have supported their views. This commentary on Psalm 51, "Lord have mercy upon me," was written during his imprisonment in 1498. Luther wrote the introduction to this edition.

Summary: Early sixteenth century Europe experienced a serious agrarian crisis, resulting in widespread discontent among the peasants. Luther often had to defend his views, as he does in a letter to the Saxon princes, against accusations that his writing influenced "the spirit of rebellion."

Summary: Early sixteenth century Europe experienced a serious agrarian crisis, resulting in widespread discontent among the peasants. Luther often had to defend his views, as he does in a letter to the Saxon princes, against accusations that his writing influenced "the spirit of rebellion."

Summary: Anti-monastic tract by Hans Sachs, shoemaker, poet, and dramatist of Nürnberg, and strong supporter of Luther.

Summary: Anti-monastic tract by Hans Sachs, shoemaker, poet, and dramatist of Nürnberg, and strong supporter of Luther.

Summary: This pamphlet is a German translation of Luther's letter to Duke Albert of Prussia, written in December 1523, and intended to answer several theological questions concerning the foundation of the church and papal supremacy.

Summary: This pamphlet is a German translation of Luther's letter to Duke Albert of Prussia, written in December 1523, and intended to answer several theological questions concerning the foundation of the church and papal supremacy.

Summary: A letter of comfort and encouragement written to a group of Augsburg citizens who had been punished for helping to celebrate the marriage of a former Catholic priest.

Summary: A letter of comfort and encouragement written to a group of Augsburg citizens who had been punished for helping to celebrate the marriage of a former Catholic priest.

A woodcut border to Luther's Ain Sermon vnd eingang in das Erst buoch Mosi, das ist, in das buoch der Schöpfung : darinn] gründtlich anzaygt wirdt, der Artickel des glaubens So wir sprechen, Ich glaub in Got vatter almechtigen, schöpffer hymel vnd erdtrichs printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural archway supported by Corinthian columns (all), a pair of cherubs holding staves (top corners), and a pair of cherubs holding a medallion with a blank shield (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Ain Sermon vnd eingang in das Erst buoch Mosi, das ist, in das buoch der Schöpfung : darinn] gründtlich anzaygt wirdt, der Artickel des glaubens So wir sprechen, Ich glaub in Got vatter almechtigen, schöpffer hymel vnd erdtrichs printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural archway supported by Corinthian columns (all), a pair of cherubs holding staves (top corners), and a pair of cherubs holding a medallion with a blank shield (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's An die Radherrn aller stedte deutsches lands : das sie Christliche schulen auffrichten vnd halten sollen printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural archway supported by Corinthian columns (all), a pair of cherubs holding staves (top corners), and a pair of cherubs holding a medallion with a shield featuring a Luther rose (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's An die Radherrn aller stedte deutsches lands : das sie Christliche schulen auffrichten vnd halten sollen printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural archway supported by Corinthian columns (all), a pair of cherubs holding staves (top corners), and a pair of cherubs holding a medallion with a shield featuring a Luther rose (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's An die Radtherren aller Stette teutsches lands : Das sy Christliche schuolen auffrichten vnd hallten sollen printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural archway supported by Corinthian columns (all), a pair of cherubs holding staves (top corners), and a pair of cherubs holding a medallion with a blank shield (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's An die Radtherren aller Stette teutsches lands : Das sy Christliche schuolen auffrichten vnd hallten sollen printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural archway supported by Corinthian columns (all), a pair of cherubs holding staves (top corners), and a pair of cherubs holding a medallion with a blank shield (bottom).

A woodcut border to Andreas Orisander's German translation of the traditional Catholic Baptism rites printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting a decorative arch and pair of orbs (top), decorative columns which include a secton suported by a male figure (sides), a floral pattern (possibly thistle) with a bird (bottom). In the center of the border, below the title, is a woodcut coat of arms for the city of Nuremberg.

A woodcut border to Andreas Orisander's German translation of the traditional Catholic Baptism rites printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting a decorative arch and pair of orbs (top), decorative columns which include a secton suported by a male figure (sides), a floral pattern (possibly thistle) with a bird (bottom). In the center of the border, below the title, is a woodcut coat of arms for the city of Nuremberg.

A woodcut border to Augustin von Alveldt's Wyder den Wittenbergischen Abtgot Martin Luther printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts an archway decorated with columns (sides), bucrania (top), and a portrait of a man framed by a jousting man and satyr (bottom).

A woodcut border to Augustin von Alveldt's Wyder den Wittenbergischen Abtgot Martin Luther printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts an archway decorated with columns (sides), bucrania (top), and a portrait of a man framed by a jousting man and satyr (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Das Eltern die kinder zuo der Ehe nicht zwinge[n] noch hindern, : Vnd die kinder on der elltern willen sich nicht verloben solle[n] printed in 1524. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting cherubs with shields and one with a horn (top), a pair of cherubs holding up floral columns (sides), and a parade of cherubs playing instruments and pulling a cart (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Das Eltern die kinder zuo der Ehe nicht zwinge[n] noch hindern, : Vnd die kinder on der elltern willen sich nicht verloben solle[n] printed in 1524. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting cherubs with shields and one with a horn (top), a pair of cherubs holding up floral columns (sides), and a parade of cherubs playing instruments and pulling a cart (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Den auszerwölte[n] lieben Gottes, allen gelydern Chrysti zuo Augspurg : seinen liebe[n] herren vnd brüdern printed in 1524. The border is composed of five separate woodcuts depicting Adam and Eve (sides), a pair of dragons flanking shields (bottom), a gryphon (center), and an owl (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Den auszerwölte[n] lieben Gottes, allen gelydern Chrysti zuo Augspurg : seinen liebe[n] herren vnd brüdern printed in 1524. The border is composed of five separate woodcuts depicting Adam and Eve (sides), a pair of dragons flanking shields (bottom), a gryphon (center), and an owl (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Der hundert vnnd siben vnd zwaintzigest Psalm, aussgelegt, an die Christen zuo Rigen in Liffland. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting an architectural arch with a pair of animal masks (bottom), armed cherubs (top left and right), and a framed plaque (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Der hundert vnnd siben vnd zwaintzigest Psalm, aussgelegt, an die Christen zuo Rigen in Liffland. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting an architectural arch with a pair of animal masks (bottom), armed cherubs (top left and right), and a framed plaque (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Die weyse der Mess, vn[d] geniessung des hochwirdigen Sacrame[n]ts, für die Christliche gemain verteütscht / Do. Mar. Luth. M.D.XXiij. The border consists of four separate woodcuts depicting ornamented columns with bird designs (sides), a plant motif (top), and a pair of fish flanking horns with birds (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Die weyse der Mess, vn[d] geniessung des hochwirdigen Sacrame[n]ts, für die Christliche gemain verteütscht / Do. Mar. Luth. M.D.XXiij. The border consists of four separate woodcuts depicting ornamented columns with bird designs (sides), a plant motif (top), and a pair of fish flanking horns with birds (bottom).

A colored woodcut border to Luther's Die weysse der Messz, : vnnd geniesung des Hochwirdigen Sacraments, für die Christliche Gemayn verteütscht printed in 1524. The boarder is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural arch featuring four cherubs and greenery.

A colored woodcut border to Luther's Die weysse der Messz, : vnnd geniesung des Hochwirdigen Sacraments, für die Christliche Gemayn verteütscht printed in 1524. The boarder is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural arch featuring four cherubs and greenery.

A woodcut border to Ingolstadii XI. Aprilis anni praesentis [1524] publica disputatione printed in 1524. The border is composed of four woodcuts depicting a woman holding a sword beneath a pair of fish (left), a wild man leaning on a staff with cherubs above and below (right), a bird on a branch (top), and a pair of crawling men with their hecks bound together and being led with bits and reins by a group of cherubs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Ingolstadii XI. Aprilis anni praesentis [1524] publica disputatione printed in 1524. The border is composed of four woodcuts depicting a woman holding a sword beneath a pair of fish (left), a wild man leaning on a staff with cherubs above and below (right), a bird on a branch (top), and a pair of crawling men with their hecks bound together and being led with bits and reins by a group of cherubs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Ain Sermon uon der frucht vnd nutzbarkait des hayligen Sacraments printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Ain Sermon uon der frucht vnd nutzbarkait des hayligen Sacraments printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's An die herren Deutschs Ordens, das sy falsche keuschhait meyden printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting a variety of floral and plant motifs.

A woodcut border to Luther's An die herren Deutschs Ordens, das sy falsche keuschhait meyden printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting a variety of floral and plant motifs.

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn brieff an die Fürsten zu Sachsen von dem auffrurischen geyst printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn brieff an die Fürsten zu Sachsen von dem auffrurischen geyst printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn geschicht wie Got eyner Erbarn kloster Jungfrawe[n] ausgeholffen hat printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn geschicht wie Got eyner Erbarn kloster Jungfrawe[n] ausgeholffen hat printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn kurtze vnterichtu[n]g, warauff Christus seine Kirchen, oder Gemain gebawet hab printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting God or Jesus Christ holding the globus cruciger (top), decorative pillars with fish and plant motifs (sides), and the scene of the woman and the dragon from Revelations 7 (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Eyn kurtze vnterichtu[n]g, warauff Christus seine Kirchen, oder Gemain gebawet hab printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting God or Jesus Christ holding the globus cruciger (top), decorative pillars with fish and plant motifs (sides), and the scene of the woman and the dragon from Revelations 7 (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Widder das blind vnd toll verdamnis der siebenzehen artickel von der elenden schendlichen vniuersitet zu Ingolstat ausgangen printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Widder das blind vnd toll verdamnis der siebenzehen artickel von der elenden schendlichen vniuersitet zu Ingolstat ausgangen printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Wider den neuen Abgott und alten Teufel printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural archway supported by Corinthian columns (all), a pair of cherubs holding staves (top corners), and a pair of cherubs holding a medallion with a blank shield (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Wider den neuen Abgott und alten Teufel printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting an architectural archway supported by Corinthian columns (all), a pair of cherubs holding staves (top corners), and a pair of cherubs holding a medallion with a blank shield (bottom).

A woodcut border to a German translation of Luther's letter to Duke Charles III of Savoy printed in 1524. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting an architectural arch or niche decorated with Corinthian columns (sides), a lady and a knight holding blank shields (top left and right), a pair of sirens holding a blank shield (top), a blank shield filled in with a hand-drawn symbol flanked by two cherubs playing the drums and flute (bottom).

A woodcut border to a German translation of Luther's letter to Duke Charles III of Savoy printed in 1524. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting an architectural arch or niche decorated with Corinthian columns (sides), a lady and a knight holding blank shields (top left and right), a pair of sirens holding a blank shield (top), a blank shield filled in with a hand-drawn symbol flanked by two cherubs playing the drums and flute (bottom).

A colored woodcut border to Luther's Uon kauffsshandlung vnd Wucher printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A colored woodcut border to Luther's Uon kauffsshandlung vnd Wucher printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's De instituendis ministris ecclesiae printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's De instituendis ministris ecclesiae printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Wolfgang Capito's Was man halten, vnnd Antwurtten soll, von der spaltung zwischen Martin Luther, vnnd Andres Carolstadt printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Wolfgang Capito's Was man halten, vnnd Antwurtten soll, von der spaltung zwischen Martin Luther, vnnd Andres Carolstadt printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Zwei kaiserliche uneinige und widerwärtige Gebote den Luther betreffend printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting three cherubs holding a plaque with the date of publication (top), a pair of architectural elements with two men standing between pairs of columns and topped with a female and male siren respectively (sides), and a man's torso with plant-like limbs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Zwei kaiserliche uneinige und widerwärtige Gebote den Luther betreffend printed in 1524. The border is composed of four separate woodcuts depicting three cherubs holding a plaque with the date of publication (top), a pair of architectural elements with two men standing between pairs of columns and topped with a female and male siren respectively (sides), and a man's torso with plant-like limbs (bottom).

A woodcut border to a selection of Ambrosius Catharinus' criticisms of Luther printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts floral decorations, cherubs, and bucrania (top and sides), as well as a pair of cherubs flanking a pair of pegasi (bottom).

A woodcut border to a selection of Ambrosius Catharinus' criticisms of Luther printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts floral decorations, cherubs, and bucrania (top and sides), as well as a pair of cherubs flanking a pair of pegasi (bottom).

The title page of Hans Sachs' Disputacion zwischen ainem Chorherrenn vnnd Schüchmacher : dariñ das wort gottes vnd ein recht Cristlich wesen verfochtten wirtt featuring a scene where a cobbler approaches a canon and a woman, possibly the canon's cook.

The title page of Hans Sachs' Disputacion zwischen ainem Chorherrenn vnnd Schüchmacher : dariñ das wort gottes vnd ein recht Cristlich wesen verfochtten wirtt featuring a scene where a cobbler approaches a canon and a woman, possibly the canon's cook.

The title page of Diepold Peringer's Ein Sermon geprediget vom Pawren zu Werdt, bey Nürmberg, am Sontag vor Fassnacht, von dem freyen Willen des Menschen featuring an image of a German peasant farmer holding an agricultural flail (used to separate grain from husk) in representation of the author. A coat of arms is set beside the figure.

The title page of Diepold Peringer's Ein Sermon geprediget vom Pawren zu Werdt, bey Nürmberg, am Sontag vor Fassnacht, von dem freyen Willen des Menschen featuring an image of a German peasant farmer holding an agricultural flail (used to separate grain from husk) in representation of the author. A coat of arms is set beside the figure.

The title page of Etlich Cristlich lider Lobgesang, vn[d] Psalm : dem reinen wort Gottes gemess, auss der heylige[n] schrifft, durch mancherley hochgelerter gemacht, in der Kirchen zu sigen, wie es dann zum tayl berayt zuo Wittenberg in übung ist featuring four decorative panels, the left and right mirrored decorative columns, the top featuring Jesus/God, and the bottom (printed upside-down) featuring a pair of horns with two swans and fish.

The title page of Etlich Cristlich lider Lobgesang, vn[d] Psalm : dem reinen wort Gottes gemess, auss der heylige[n] schrifft, durch mancherley hochgelerter gemacht, in der Kirchen zu sigen, wie es dann zum tayl berayt zuo Wittenberg in übung ist featuring four decorative panels, the left and right mirrored decorative columns, the top featuring Jesus/God, and the bottom (printed upside-down) featuring a pair of horns with two swans and fish.

A woodcut depicting a pair of mendicant monks standing beneath an archway as a pair of men sit at a table and wave them away.

A woodcut depicting a pair of mendicant monks standing beneath an archway as a pair of men sit at a table and wave them away.

A woodcut depicting a pair of mendicant monks standing beneath an archway as a pair of men sit at a table and wave them away.

A woodcut depicting a pair of mendicant monks standing beneath an archway as a pair of men sit at a table and wave them away.

A woodcut depicting a pair of mendicant monks standing beneath an archway as a pair of men sit at a table and wave them away.

A woodcut depicting a pair of mendicant monks standing beneath an archway as a pair of men sit at a table and wave them away.

A woodcut depicting a pair of mendicant monks standing beneath an archway as a pair of men sit at a table and wave them away.

A woodcut depicting a pair of mendicant monks standing beneath an archway as a pair of men sit at a table and wave them away.

Summary: Osiander provides a fuller translation of the traditional Catholic rite of baptism than Münzer or Luther, who had both published baptism liturgies one year earlier, and who had eliminated certain ritual elements.

Summary: Osiander provides a fuller translation of the traditional Catholic rite of baptism than Münzer or Luther, who had both published baptism liturgies one year earlier, and who had eliminated certain ritual elements.

Summary: First German printing of this treatise by Philipp Melanchthon on the three monastic vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

Summary: First German printing of this treatise by Philipp Melanchthon on the three monastic vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

Summary: Sermon preached November 1, 1523, on Matthew 18:23-35 (the parable of the forgiven debtor who was unforgiving).

Summary: Sermon preached November 1, 1523, on Matthew 18:23-35 (the parable of the forgiven debtor who was unforgiving).

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Summary:

Summary: The term "Evangelical Mass" was coined by the Lutherans as their attempt to shop that it was they and not the Catholics who were the preservers of the true tradition of the Lord's Supper. Bugenhagen was, next to Melanchthon, Luther's closest ally in the Protestant struggle. This tract indicates which attributes the Lutherans believed to be necessary for worthy reception of the Lord's Supper.

Summary: The term "Evangelical Mass" was coined by the Lutherans as their attempt to shop that it was they and not the Catholics who were the preservers of the true tradition of the Lord's Supper. Bugenhagen was, next to Melanchthon, Luther's closest ally in the Protestant struggle. This tract indicates which attributes the Lutherans believed to be necessary for worthy reception of the Lord's Supper.

Summary: Translation into German by M. Reinhard of Luther's Latin work: "De instituendis ministris ecclesiae." The attribution of the translation to M. Reinhard is questioned.

Summary: Translation into German by M. Reinhard of Luther's Latin work: "De instituendis ministris ecclesiae." The attribution of the translation to M. Reinhard is questioned.

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Summary:

Summary: Arsatio Seehofer had studied with Luther at Wittenberg between stays at the University of Ingolstadt. As Ingolstadt increasingly became the focus of the Catholic revival, Seehofer found himself under attack for his "Lutheran" leanings. This is a commentary by Luther on the seventeen points of doctrine that Seehofer was accused of violating. The work also includes a discussion of Paul Speratus' arrest by the authorities at the University of Vienna on similar charges. This is the second printing of these essays.

Summary: Arsatio Seehofer had studied with Luther at Wittenberg between stays at the University of Ingolstadt. As Ingolstadt increasingly became the focus of the Catholic revival, Seehofer found himself under attack for his "Lutheran" leanings. This is a commentary by Luther on the seventeen points of doctrine that Seehofer was accused of violating. The work also includes a discussion of Paul Speratus' arrest by the authorities at the University of Vienna on similar charges. This is the second printing of these essays.

Summary: Polemical tract, written in protest to the canonization of Benno, Bishop of Meissen, in 1523.

Summary: Polemical tract, written in protest to the canonization of Benno, Bishop of Meissen, in 1523.

Summary: The diet of Nuremberg in 1524 reaffirmed the imperial ban of Luther's person expressed in the edict of Worms, but not the condemnation of his teachings, which were to be addressed at the diet of Speyer. Luther issued both the edict of Worms and the resolutions of the diet of Nuremberg along with his own foreward and comments, in which he calls the emperor a "mad, irrational, senseless, raving and insane fool".

Summary: The diet of Nuremberg in 1524 reaffirmed the imperial ban of Luther's person expressed in the edict of Worms, but not the condemnation of his teachings, which were to be addressed at the diet of Speyer. Luther issued both the edict of Worms and the resolutions of the diet of Nuremberg along with his own foreward and comments, in which he calls the emperor a "mad, irrational, senseless, raving and insane fool".