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Summary: This is the first printing of the first part of Luther's translation of the Old Testament into idiomatic German. It comprises the Pentateuch, or the five Books of Moses. Scholars long believed that this edition had been destroyed by Luther's friends because of its many printing errors. This printing contains 11 full-page and six initial-figure woodcuts. The volume has been heavily annotated in an early to mid-sixteenth century hand.

Summary: This is the first printing of the first part of Luther's translation of the Old Testament into idiomatic German. It comprises the Pentateuch, or the five Books of Moses. Scholars long believed that this edition had been destroyed by Luther's friends because of its many printing errors. This printing contains 11 full-page and six initial-figure woodcuts. The volume has been heavily annotated in an early to mid-sixteenth century hand.

Summary: Luther's translation from the original Greek of the New Testament is a landmark in the history of the German language. His forceful style ensured that his Thuringian-Saxon dialect would provide the standard for High German in years to come. From a religious standpoint, Luther's decision to refer to the original Greek rather than merely to translate the Vulgate ensured that the German New Testament would be much more faithful to the original. Erasmus' New Testament provided the basis for the translation.

Summary: Luther's translation from the original Greek of the New Testament is a landmark in the history of the German language. His forceful style ensured that his Thuringian-Saxon dialect would provide the standard for High German in years to come. From a religious standpoint, Luther's decision to refer to the original Greek rather than merely to translate the Vulgate ensured that the German New Testament would be much more faithful to the original. Erasmus' New Testament provided the basis for the translation.

Engraved portrait of Petau.

Engraved portrait of Petau.

Summary: A history of Venice.

Summary: A history of Venice.

The dedication page of Diego de Saavedra Fajardo's Obras de Don Diego de Saauedra Faxardo Cavallero del Orden de S. Iago, del Consejo de su Magestad en el Supremo de las Indias, y su Embajador plenipotençiario en los treze cantones, &c. : en dos tomos divididas, el primero contiene I. Idea de un principe politico christiano, representada en cien Empresas, honoring Aubertus van den Eede, the Bishop of Antwerp. The bishop's coat of arms is included at the top of the page, featuring a quartered crest and topped with a galero.

The dedication page of Diego de Saavedra Fajardo's Obras de Don Diego de Saauedra Faxardo Cavallero del Orden de S. Iago, del Consejo de su Magestad en el Supremo de las Indias, y su Embajador plenipotençiario en los treze cantones, &c. : en dos tomos divididas, el primero contiene I. Idea de un principe politico christiano, representada en cien Empresas, honoring Aubertus van den Eede, the Bishop of Antwerp. The bishop's coat of arms is included at the top of the page, featuring a quartered crest and topped with a galero.

A map of the world including Europe, Africa ("Der schwarzen Moren Land"), Asia (Major), America ("Die Newe Welt"), and India Meridionalis (a so called "phantom" peninsula that was often depicted in Medieval and Rennaissance maps). A number of monstrous sea creatures are depicted in the various oceans and seas.

A map of the world including Europe, Africa ("Der schwarzen Moren Land"), Asia (Major), America ("Die Newe Welt"), and India Meridionalis (a so called "phantom" peninsula that was often depicted in Medieval and Rennaissance maps). A number of monstrous sea creatures are depicted in the various oceans and seas.

A map of the world including Europe, Africa, and Asia as three leaf or petal shaped continents with America ("Die Newe Welt") draw in the bottom left corner. A ship and numerous sea creatures are depicted in the oceans.

A map of the world including Europe, Africa, and Asia as three leaf or petal shaped continents with America ("Die Newe Welt") draw in the bottom left corner. A ship and numerous sea creatures are depicted in the oceans.

Summary: Collection of sermons by the Alsatian preacher Geiler von Kaysersberg, delivered between 1503 and 1505 at the convent of the sisters of the order of St. Mary Magdalene. Geiler was one of the most popular preachers of his day and was sometimes called the German Savonarola. He was a close friend of the Strasbourg humanist Jakob von Wimpheling and was greatly respected by Sebastian Brant, Johann Reuchlin and Philipp Melanchthon.

Summary: Collection of sermons by the Alsatian preacher Geiler von Kaysersberg, delivered between 1503 and 1505 at the convent of the sisters of the order of St. Mary Magdalene. Geiler was one of the most popular preachers of his day and was sometimes called the German Savonarola. He was a close friend of the Strasbourg humanist Jakob von Wimpheling and was greatly respected by Sebastian Brant, Johann Reuchlin and Philipp Melanchthon.

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Summary:

An engraved portrait of Pope Eugene IV, who sat as pope from 1431-1447. The portrait shows Eugene IV wearing a simple miter with his coat of arms featured in the upper right corner. The portrait is labeled "EVGENIVS. IIII. PAPA. VENETVS".

An engraved portrait of Pope Eugene IV, who sat as pope from 1431-1447. The portrait shows Eugene IV wearing a simple miter with his coat of arms featured in the upper right corner. The portrait is labeled "EVGENIVS. IIII. PAPA. VENETVS".

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Summary:

Summary: One of four volumes of a 1497 printing of Jerome's commentaries on the Old Testament. This particular volume comprises the prophetic books Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel as well as the 12 minor prophets. It is unique insofar as not all parts of the larger set were bound in the same order or based on the same divisions. It was that was once held by the library of Rebdorf monastery, which developed a renown humanist collection during the tenure of Kilian Leib as the monastery's prior.

Summary: One of four volumes of a 1497 printing of Jerome's commentaries on the Old Testament. This particular volume comprises the prophetic books Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel as well as the 12 minor prophets. It is unique insofar as not all parts of the larger set were bound in the same order or based on the same divisions. It was that was once held by the library of Rebdorf monastery, which developed a renown humanist collection during the tenure of Kilian Leib as the monastery's prior.

Summary: A chronological history of the world.

Summary: A chronological history of the world.

An engraved portrait of Antipope Felix V, who was elected by the Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence and held the office from 1439-1449. The portrait shows Felix V wearing a papal miter with his coat of arms featured in the upper left corner. The portrait is labeled "FELIX. IIII. DICTVS. V. DVX. SABAVDIAE".

An engraved portrait of Antipope Felix V, who was elected by the Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence and held the office from 1439-1449. The portrait shows Felix V wearing a papal miter with his coat of arms featured in the upper left corner. The portrait is labeled "FELIX. IIII. DICTVS. V. DVX. SABAVDIAE".

A woodcut depicting the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: the first, a conquerer with a crown and bow, the second, with a sword, tasked with taking peace from the earth, the third holding scales, and the fourth, Death itself. The image appears in the September Testament, Martin Luther's first printing of his German New Testament.

A woodcut depicting the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: the first, a conquerer with a crown and bow, the second, with a sword, tasked with taking peace from the earth, the third holding scales, and the fourth, Death itself. The image appears in the September Testament, Martin Luther's first printing of his German New Testament.

The frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan, or, The matter, forme, & power of a common-wealth ecclesiasticall and civill, the upper portion of which features a large figure representing sovreign authority. The figure's body is composed of individual citizens, is crowned, and holds a sword and crosier. The figure looms over a set of rolling hills in the background and a city in the foreground.

The frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan, or, The matter, forme, & power of a common-wealth ecclesiasticall and civill, the upper portion of which features a large figure representing sovreign authority. The figure's body is composed of individual citizens, is crowned, and holds a sword and crosier. The figure looms over a set of rolling hills in the background and a city in the foreground.

An engraved portrait of Pope Gregory XII, who sat as pope from 1406-1415. The portrait shows Gregory XII wearing a simple miter with his coat of arms featured in the upper left corner. The portrait is labeled "GREGORIVS. XII. PAPA. VENETVS".

An engraved portrait of Pope Gregory XII, who sat as pope from 1406-1415. The portrait shows Gregory XII wearing a simple miter with his coat of arms featured in the upper left corner. The portrait is labeled "GREGORIVS. XII. PAPA. VENETVS".

An engraved border for the title page of Paolo di Angelis' Basilicae s. Mariae Maioris di Urbe a Liberio Papa I usque ad Paulum V Pont. Max. descriptio et delinatio printed in 1621. The border consists of a single print with several scenes pertaining to the veneration of and maricles of the Virgin Mary. The top of the border depicts angels and cherubs flanking a depiction of the Virgin Mary with Christ. In the center of the engraving, below the title, is a scene of St. Gregory I the Great leading a crowd in worship as a depiction of Mary is brought forward.

An engraved border for the title page of Paolo di Angelis' Basilicae s. Mariae Maioris di Urbe a Liberio Papa I usque ad Paulum V Pont. Max. descriptio et delinatio printed in 1621. The border consists of a single print with several scenes pertaining to the veneration of and maricles of the Virgin Mary. The top of the border depicts angels and cherubs flanking a depiction of the Virgin Mary with Christ. In the center of the engraving, below the title, is a scene of St. Gregory I the Great leading a crowd in worship as a depiction of Mary is brought forward.

A woodcut border to Luther's German translation of the Old Testament printed in 1523. The border is composed of one woodcut depicting an architectural arch supported by four columns, a gathering of cherubs (top and sides), and a group of worshipers (?) around a crucified Christ (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's German translation of the Old Testament printed in 1523. The border is composed of one woodcut depicting an architectural arch supported by four columns, a gathering of cherubs (top and sides), and a group of worshipers (?) around a crucified Christ (bottom).

An engraved title page to Onuphrii Panuinii Veronensis Fratris Eremitae Augustiniani. XXVII. Pontificum Maximorum elogia et imagines. The engraving depicts a sculpted building facade including a base with two coats of arms and an illustration of a stork standing before a desert city (bottom); two columns with a two coats of arms and four icons featuring a peacock, anvil, burning barrel, and an obelisk (sides); and at the top, two papal crests flanking a woman holding a cross and the Keys of Heaven, while above her is a dove representing the Holy Spirit.

An engraved title page to Onuphrii Panuinii Veronensis Fratris Eremitae Augustiniani. XXVII. Pontificum Maximorum elogia et imagines. The engraving depicts a sculpted building facade including a base with two coats of arms and an illustration of a stork standing before a desert city (bottom); two columns with a two coats of arms and four icons featuring a peacock, anvil, burning barrel, and an obelisk (sides); and at the top, two papal crests flanking a woman holding a cross and the Keys of Heaven, while above her is a dove representing the Holy Spirit.