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A woodcut depicting a pilgrim outfitted with a hat, cloak, staff, and bag for his journey, being directed by God from Heaven (top right).

A woodcut depicting a pilgrim outfitted with a hat, cloak, staff, and bag for his journey, being directed by God from Heaven (top right).

Summary: Second printing of the eight sermons Luther preached on his return from Wartburg Castle, March 9-16, 1522. They dealt with the mass, the Lord's Supper, images, fating, auricular confession, and other topics. These sermons allowed Luther to restore order in Wittenberg and put and end to the Tumults that had griped the city during his absence.

Summary: Second printing of the eight sermons Luther preached on his return from Wartburg Castle, March 9-16, 1522. They dealt with the mass, the Lord's Supper, images, fating, auricular confession, and other topics. These sermons allowed Luther to restore order in Wittenberg and put and end to the Tumults that had griped the city during his absence.

Summary: Luther's reply to a letter from Duke Albrecht of Brandenburg, concerning the interpretation of John VI with reference to the Lord's Supper.

Summary: Luther's reply to a letter from Duke Albrecht of Brandenburg, concerning the interpretation of John VI with reference to the Lord's Supper.

Summary: This is the summer Section of Luther's postils, as edited by S. Roth. Luther was not at all pleased with Roth's slip-shod editing. Roth took sermons from whatever sources were available, including from other people (notably Bugenhagen) when copies of Luther sermons could not be found. He also conflicted some sermons, condensed others, and rewrote several.

Summary: This is the summer Section of Luther's postils, as edited by S. Roth. Luther was not at all pleased with Roth's slip-shod editing. Roth took sermons from whatever sources were available, including from other people (notably Bugenhagen) when copies of Luther sermons could not be found. He also conflicted some sermons, condensed others, and rewrote several.

Summary: German translation by Martin Luther's colleague, Justus Jonas, of "De servo arbitrio". "De servo arbitrio (Concerning the Enslaved Will)" is considered one of Luther's greatest literary productions, and among the most important writings of the Reformation. In it, he defends the idea of the complete inability of the human being to please God, apart from Divine grace.

Summary: German translation by Martin Luther's colleague, Justus Jonas, of "De servo arbitrio". "De servo arbitrio (Concerning the Enslaved Will)" is considered one of Luther's greatest literary productions, and among the most important writings of the Reformation. In it, he defends the idea of the complete inability of the human being to please God, apart from Divine grace.

Summary: In August 1523, a second revision of Luther's 1519 Galatians commentary was issued by Luther himself. V. Heydnecker (who may have been V. Obsopaeus) prepared this German translation of the work. Text in German includes M. Luther's translation of St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians from the Greek N.T. Text is translated from M. Luther's Latin work: In epistolam Sancti Pauli ad Galatas commentarius (1519) by V. Heydnecker, who some scholars believe was V. Obsopäus. Text is translation of the 2nd version of Luther's work.

Summary: In August 1523, a second revision of Luther's 1519 Galatians commentary was issued by Luther himself. V. Heydnecker (who may have been V. Obsopaeus) prepared this German translation of the work. Text in German includes M. Luther's translation of St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians from the Greek N.T. Text is translated from M. Luther's Latin work: In epistolam Sancti Pauli ad Galatas commentarius (1519) by V. Heydnecker, who some scholars believe was V. Obsopäus. Text is translation of the 2nd version of Luther's work.

Summary: Fourth printing of an open letter by Martin Luther to the princes of Saxony, in which he calls on them to monitor the actions of Thomas Müntzer in order to prevent the outbreak of violence. When war did break out the following year, Luther was one of the harshest critics of the rebelling peasants.

Summary: Fourth printing of an open letter by Martin Luther to the princes of Saxony, in which he calls on them to monitor the actions of Thomas Müntzer in order to prevent the outbreak of violence. When war did break out the following year, Luther was one of the harshest critics of the rebelling peasants.

A woodcut border to Luther's Das der frey will nichts sey : Anntwort D. Martini Luther ann Erasmum Rotherdam printed in 1525. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting an architectural arch decorated with floral motifs, armor and shields, birds, and a pair of cherubs playing instruments.

A woodcut border to Luther's Das der frey will nichts sey : Anntwort D. Martini Luther ann Erasmum Rotherdam printed in 1525. The border consists of a single woodcut depicting an architectural arch decorated with floral motifs, armor and shields, birds, and a pair of cherubs playing instruments.

A woodcut border to Luther's Die Epistel S. Paul an die Galater will printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Die Epistel S. Paul an die Galater will printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's Acht sermon printed in 1523. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a pair of cherubs riding fish or dolphins flanking a face (top), floral ornamentation (sides), and a pair of cherubs accompanied by two sphinxes breastfeeding satyrs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Acht sermon printed in 1523. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a pair of cherubs riding fish or dolphins flanking a face (top), floral ornamentation (sides), and a pair of cherubs accompanied by two sphinxes breastfeeding satyrs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Reason and Answer that Women may leave their Cloisters in a Godly manner printed in 1523. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a pair of cherubs riding fish or dolphins flanking a face (top), floral ornamentation (sides), and a pair of cherubs accompanied by two sphinxes breastfeeding satyrs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's Reason and Answer that Women may leave their Cloisters in a Godly manner printed in 1523. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a pair of cherubs riding fish or dolphins flanking a face (top), floral ornamentation (sides), and a pair of cherubs accompanied by two sphinxes breastfeeding satyrs (bottom).

A woodcut border to Luther's De instituendis ministris ecclesiae printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Luther's De instituendis ministris ecclesiae printed in 1524. The border is composed of a single woodcut and depicts a cherub flanked by two deer (bottom), decorative plants (sides), and a cherub holding a blank shield flanked by two other cherubs (top).

A woodcut border to Urbanus Rhegius's Wider den newen Taufforden : notwendige Warnung an alle Christgleubigen printed in 1527. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a series of cherubs, some playing instruments (sides and bottom) and a man flanked by floral decorations (top).

A woodcut border to Urbanus Rhegius's Wider den newen Taufforden : notwendige Warnung an alle Christgleubigen printed in 1527. The border is composed of a single woodcut depicting a series of cherubs, some playing instruments (sides and bottom) and a man flanked by floral decorations (top).

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Uom Missbrauch der Messen printed in 1522.

A woodcut border on the title page of Luther's Uom Missbrauch der Messen printed in 1522.

Summary: Written in Latin in the fall of 1521 under the title De abroganda missa privata, this is the third printing of the first German edition of Martin Luther's important tract on the celebration of private masses. Luther opposed any celebration of the Eucharist that was not accessible to or provided for the congregation at large and felt so strongly about this material that he translated it into German himself.

Summary: Written in Latin in the fall of 1521 under the title De abroganda missa privata, this is the third printing of the first German edition of Martin Luther's important tract on the celebration of private masses. Luther opposed any celebration of the Eucharist that was not accessible to or provided for the congregation at large and felt so strongly about this material that he translated it into German himself.

Summary: Translation into German by M. Reinhard of Luther's Latin work: "De instituendis ministris ecclesiae." The attribution of the translation to M. Reinhard is questioned.

Summary: Translation into German by M. Reinhard of Luther's Latin work: "De instituendis ministris ecclesiae." The attribution of the translation to M. Reinhard is questioned.

Summary: Interpretive pamphlet by Erasmus on the true nature of pilgrimage, as espoused by Jesus in Matthew XI, 28. Erasmus says that true pilgrimage is undertaken with spiritual, and not with physical feet, and, that Jesus receives all sincere pilgrims equally, whether they be clergy or lay, rich or poor, etc.

Summary: Interpretive pamphlet by Erasmus on the true nature of pilgrimage, as espoused by Jesus in Matthew XI, 28. Erasmus says that true pilgrimage is undertaken with spiritual, and not with physical feet, and, that Jesus receives all sincere pilgrims equally, whether they be clergy or lay, rich or poor, etc.

Summary: Fifth printing of Luther's "Reason and Answer that Women may leave their Cloisters in a Godly manner".

Summary: Fifth printing of Luther's "Reason and Answer that Women may leave their Cloisters in a Godly manner".

Summary: First and only edition of an important source about the early relations between the Lutheran and Anabaptist movements.

Summary: First and only edition of an important source about the early relations between the Lutheran and Anabaptist movements.