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Summary: First edition and first printing of Luther's address "To the Christian nobility of the German nation" is the first of three great Reformation booklets Luther wrote 1520. This piece was completed in August and divided into three parts: (1) an attack on the Papacy and denial of its claims, (2) a list of abuses by the papacy and curia, and (3) a list of necessary reforms.

Summary: First edition and first printing of Luther's address "To the Christian nobility of the German nation" is the first of three great Reformation booklets Luther wrote 1520. This piece was completed in August and divided into three parts: (1) an attack on the Papacy and denial of its claims, (2) a list of abuses by the papacy and curia, and (3) a list of necessary reforms.

A woodcut full-body portrait of either Martin Luther or Michael Stifel dressed in the garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book. Surrounding the monk is a separate woodcut border featuring cherubs and Wild Men in trees and the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire at the bottom.

A woodcut full-body portrait of either Martin Luther or Michael Stifel dressed in the garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book. Surrounding the monk is a separate woodcut border featuring cherubs and Wild Men in trees and the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire at the bottom.

Summary: Catholic publication of the colloquy of Ratisbon (Regensburg), a meeting in 1541 between Catholic and Lutheran theologians.

Summary: Catholic publication of the colloquy of Ratisbon (Regensburg), a meeting in 1541 between Catholic and Lutheran theologians.

The title page of Ulrich Zwingli's Ad Carolum Romanorum imperatorem Germaniae comitia Augustae celebrantem, fidei Huldrychi Zuinglij ratio featuring a portrait of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, holding a scepter and with the chain with the ram of the Order of the Goldent Fleece around his neck.

The title page of Ulrich Zwingli's Ad Carolum Romanorum imperatorem Germaniae comitia Augustae celebrantem, fidei Huldrychi Zuinglij ratio featuring a portrait of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, holding a scepter and with the chain with the ram of the Order of the Goldent Fleece around his neck.

The title page of Michael Denis' Annalium typographicorum v. cl. Michaelis Maittaire supplementum featuring an image of a crowned woman sitting on a block bearing the two-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire as she arranges a board of movable type. A printing press sits to the woman's left, a line of drying pages in the background, and a child (possibly a cherub) sitting at a small table to her right.

The title page of Michael Denis' Annalium typographicorum v. cl. Michaelis Maittaire supplementum featuring an image of a crowned woman sitting on a block bearing the two-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire as she arranges a board of movable type. A printing press sits to the woman's left, a line of drying pages in the background, and a child (possibly a cherub) sitting at a small table to her right.

The title page of Robert Barnes' Bapsttrew Hadriani iiij. vnd Alexanders iii. gegen Keyser Friderichen Barbarossa geübt : Aus der Historia zusamen gezogen nützlich zu lesen featuring a woodcut of Pope Alexander III confronting the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I.

The title page of Robert Barnes' Bapsttrew Hadriani iiij. vnd Alexanders iii. gegen Keyser Friderichen Barbarossa geübt : Aus der Historia zusamen gezogen nützlich zu lesen featuring a woodcut of Pope Alexander III confronting the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I.

The title page of Georg Sabinus' Electio et coronatio Caroli .V. Imp. Aug, featuring the coat of arms of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, which features the two-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire, bearing a quartered shield representing the regions he rules.

The title page of Georg Sabinus' Electio et coronatio Caroli .V. Imp. Aug, featuring the coat of arms of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, which features the two-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire, bearing a quartered shield representing the regions he rules.

The title page of Peter Lambeck's Petri Lambecii Hamburgensis Commentariorum de augustissima Bibliotheca Caesarea Vindobonensi liber secundus featuring the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire, guarded from above by an eagle holding a sceptre and a sword. To the left and right of the main coat of arms are an additional two crests, a book and pen, and a helmet.

The title page of Peter Lambeck's Petri Lambecii Hamburgensis Commentariorum de augustissima Bibliotheca Caesarea Vindobonensi liber secundus featuring the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire, guarded from above by an eagle holding a sceptre and a sword. To the left and right of the main coat of arms are an additional two crests, a book and pen, and a helmet.

The title page of Johan Eck's Vmb den grossen sig Kaiserlicher Maiestat, in Thunis verlihen, Got zu dancken, zwů predig ... features the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, featuring the two-headed eagle representing the Holy Roman Empire surrounded by the collar of the chivalric Order of the Golden Fleece and flanked by a pair of crowned columns representing the Pillars of Hercules. Above the coat of arms is the Charles V's motto, "Plus Ultra," translating to "Further Beyond."

The title page of Johan Eck's Vmb den grossen sig Kaiserlicher Maiestat, in Thunis verlihen, Got zu dancken, zwů predig ... features the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, featuring the two-headed eagle representing the Holy Roman Empire surrounded by the collar of the chivalric Order of the Golden Fleece and flanked by a pair of crowned columns representing the Pillars of Hercules. Above the coat of arms is the Charles V's motto, "Plus Ultra," translating to "Further Beyond."

The title page of Hans Baumann's Wie, vnd inn wölcher gestalt, der Eömischer [i.e. Römischer] Kayserlichen Mayestat, Landtgraff Philips von Hessen, auff dem neüntzehenden tag Junij, zuo Hall in Sachsen den fuossfall gethon. M.D.XLVII featuring the coat of arms of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, which features the two-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire, bearing a quartered shield representing the regions he rules. The eagle is flanked by a pair of columns representing the Pillars of Hercules and his motto, "Plus Oultre," translated as "Further Beyond."

The title page of Hans Baumann's Wie, vnd inn wölcher gestalt, der Eömischer [i.e. Römischer] Kayserlichen Mayestat, Landtgraff Philips von Hessen, auff dem neüntzehenden tag Junij, zuo Hall in Sachsen den fuossfall gethon. M.D.XLVII featuring the coat of arms of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, which features the two-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire, bearing a quartered shield representing the regions he rules. The eagle is flanked by a pair of columns representing the Pillars of Hercules and his motto, "Plus Oultre," translated as "Further Beyond."

An engraving depicting the Siege of Magdeburg during the Thirty Years' War. The image shows the invading forces murdering civilians and burning the city.

An engraving depicting the Siege of Magdeburg during the Thirty Years' War. The image shows the invading forces murdering civilians and burning the city.