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Summary: Melanchthon's "Handtbuchlein" is among the first attempts at a Protestant catechism. It is a collection of selections from scripture passages, prayers, and other text intended as instruction for students in German schools. Noteworthy are the "Seven Wise Saying" derived from Periander by Erasmus.

Summary: Melanchthon's "Handtbuchlein" is among the first attempts at a Protestant catechism. It is a collection of selections from scripture passages, prayers, and other text intended as instruction for students in German schools. Noteworthy are the "Seven Wise Saying" derived from Periander by Erasmus.

Summary: "Editio princeps of perhaps the most influential religious emblem books" (Landwehr). Herman Hugo (1588-1629), born in Brussels, joined the Jesuit order in 1605, became Spinola's father confessor and accompanied the general in all his campaigns. He died of the plague at Reinberg. The engravings in this beautifully illustrated emblem book are attributed to Boetius à Bolswert (Boëce van Bolswert: ca. 1580-1633), who also is noted as the publisher (one illustration is signed "W. Simpson sculp.").

Summary: "Editio princeps of perhaps the most influential religious emblem books" (Landwehr). Herman Hugo (1588-1629), born in Brussels, joined the Jesuit order in 1605, became Spinola's father confessor and accompanied the general in all his campaigns. He died of the plague at Reinberg. The engravings in this beautifully illustrated emblem book are attributed to Boetius à Bolswert (Boëce van Bolswert: ca. 1580-1633), who also is noted as the publisher (one illustration is signed "W. Simpson sculp.").

Summary: Part one of Luther's collected sermons on the historical Epistles and Gospels of the Church year, as edited by Martin Bucer, the Reformer of Strasbourg. Bound with part two. Six volumes, in all, were issued, with the last appearing in 1527.

Summary: Part one of Luther's collected sermons on the historical Epistles and Gospels of the Church year, as edited by Martin Bucer, the Reformer of Strasbourg. Bound with part two. Six volumes, in all, were issued, with the last appearing in 1527.

A woodcut of the printer's device of Jean Frellon appearing on the title page of Les Images de la Mort. The device features a crab holding a moth above the motto: MATVRA.

A woodcut of the printer's device of Jean Frellon appearing on the title page of Les Images de la Mort. The device features a crab holding a moth above the motto: MATVRA.

A pair of woodcuts with captions depicting guards taking prisoners to Castel Sant'Angelo (while others are left alone) (top) and a depiction of the nightly patrol that occurs during the Conclave in Rome (bottom).

A pair of woodcuts with captions depicting guards taking prisoners to Castel Sant'Angelo (while others are left alone) (top) and a depiction of the nightly patrol that occurs during the Conclave in Rome (bottom).

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Summary: This is the only edition of a metered translation of the Psalms by Cotton Mather, who had intended it to replace the Bay Psalm Book, which he though was too constrained by being rhymed in addition to being metered. All Psalms are arranged to be sung in the common meter, while some could also be sung in the long meter with the inclusion of additional words printed in black letter and set in square brackets.

Summary: This is the only edition of a metered translation of the Psalms by Cotton Mather, who had intended it to replace the Bay Psalm Book, which he though was too constrained by being rhymed in addition to being metered. All Psalms are arranged to be sung in the common meter, while some could also be sung in the long meter with the inclusion of additional words printed in black letter and set in square brackets.

Summary: Collection of documents issued by theologians in the Duchy of Württemberg and Victorinus Strigel concerning Strigel's Psalms commentary and his position in the synergistic controversy. Strigel supported the Philippist position that human will contributes to salvation, an idea that was rejected by the gnesio-Lutherans and by most of the theologians in Württemberg.

Summary: Collection of documents issued by theologians in the Duchy of Württemberg and Victorinus Strigel concerning Strigel's Psalms commentary and his position in the synergistic controversy. Strigel supported the Philippist position that human will contributes to salvation, an idea that was rejected by the gnesio-Lutherans and by most of the theologians in Württemberg.

Summary: Theobald Billican was educated at Heidelberg where he became a close friend of Melanchthon. He was drawn to Luther in 1518 when Luther disputed on scholasticism at the University of Heidelberg. This tract on the reformation in Nordlingen attempts to prove that the old "abuses" had been corrected and replaced with "purified" doctrines. Billican consciously constructs his discourse more along Erasmian lines than according to strictly Lutheran models.

Summary: Theobald Billican was educated at Heidelberg where he became a close friend of Melanchthon. He was drawn to Luther in 1518 when Luther disputed on scholasticism at the University of Heidelberg. This tract on the reformation in Nordlingen attempts to prove that the old "abuses" had been corrected and replaced with "purified" doctrines. Billican consciously constructs his discourse more along Erasmian lines than according to strictly Lutheran models.

Summary: Eight-line note on rhetorical terms in 16th century Latin mss. on inside front cover; book plate and stamp of former owner Camille Aboussouan on inside front cover and verso of front flyleaf respectively; three Latin distichs identifying former owner as "Joannes Kenerus"; "Freht dich und gnad dir Gott": in ms. surrounds prrinter's device on title page; first few leaves with contemporary manuscript marginalia; "Statua Martis" in 16th century Latin mss. surrounds printer's device on last verso.

Summary: Eight-line note on rhetorical terms in 16th century Latin mss. on inside front cover; book plate and stamp of former owner Camille Aboussouan on inside front cover and verso of front flyleaf respectively; three Latin distichs identifying former owner as "Joannes Kenerus"; "Freht dich und gnad dir Gott": in ms. surrounds prrinter's device on title page; first few leaves with contemporary manuscript marginalia; "Statua Martis" in 16th century Latin mss. surrounds printer's device on last verso.

Summary: Publication by Matthias Flacius of correspondence between Pope Paul III and his legates and the courts of Emperor Charles V and King Henry of France. With this publication, Flacius had intended to expose deceptions by the Pope during the Council of Trent.

Summary: Publication by Matthias Flacius of correspondence between Pope Paul III and his legates and the courts of Emperor Charles V and King Henry of France. With this publication, Flacius had intended to expose deceptions by the Pope during the Council of Trent.

Summary: Part two of Luther's collected sermons on the historical Epistles and Gospels of the Church year. Bound with part one. Six volumes, in all, were issued, with the last appearing in 1527.

Summary: Part two of Luther's collected sermons on the historical Epistles and Gospels of the Church year. Bound with part one. Six volumes, in all, were issued, with the last appearing in 1527.

Summary: Urbanus Rhegius was an early follower of Luther, and active as preacher in both southern and northern Germany. His, "Seelenarznei," or, "Soul Medicine," follows in the wake of the medieval "Art of Dying" genre, but is also very much under the influence of Luther's, "Sermon von der Bereitung zum Sterben," or, "Sermon Concerning Preparation for Dying." The second part (Vom Glauben und guten Wercken) deals with the issue of faith and good works.

Summary: Urbanus Rhegius was an early follower of Luther, and active as preacher in both southern and northern Germany. His, "Seelenarznei," or, "Soul Medicine," follows in the wake of the medieval "Art of Dying" genre, but is also very much under the influence of Luther's, "Sermon von der Bereitung zum Sterben," or, "Sermon Concerning Preparation for Dying." The second part (Vom Glauben und guten Wercken) deals with the issue of faith and good works.

Summary: This is Luther's reinstatement of the Litany of "All Saints", containing both the musical notation and German text of the antiphons.

Summary: This is Luther's reinstatement of the Litany of "All Saints", containing both the musical notation and German text of the antiphons.

A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) leading an abbess away. The abbess holds a rosary in her hands and a crosier underneath her arm. In the bottom left-hand corner is an hourglass representing human mortality. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Ecclesiastes 4 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) leading an abbess away. The abbess holds a rosary in her hands and a crosier underneath her arm. In the bottom left-hand corner is an hourglass representing human mortality. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Ecclesiastes 4 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting a skeleton dressed as a bishop with a mitre and crosier, and representing death, taking the cloak of an abbot who holds a prayer book. In the tree is an hourglass representing human mortality. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Proverbs 5 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting a skeleton dressed as a bishop with a mitre and crosier, and representing death, taking the cloak of an abbot who holds a prayer book. In the tree is an hourglass representing human mortality. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Proverbs 5 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) holding an hourglass representing mortality above an advocate as he takes payment from another man. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Proverbs 22 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) holding an hourglass representing mortality above an advocate as he takes payment from another man. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Proverbs 22 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A pair of woodcuts with captions depicting the announcement of a successful election of a new pope (top) and the rite of burning flax at the Papal corronation (bottom).

A pair of woodcuts with captions depicting the announcement of a successful election of a new pope (top) and the rite of burning flax at the Papal corronation (bottom).

A pair of woodcuts with captions depicting the newly elected Pope being carried from the Sistine Chapel to St. Peter's Basilica (top) and the recognition of the new Pope as he sits upon the High Altar in St. Peter's Basilica (bottom).

A pair of woodcuts with captions depicting the newly elected Pope being carried from the Sistine Chapel to St. Peter's Basilica (top) and the recognition of the new Pope as he sits upon the High Altar in St. Peter's Basilica (bottom).

A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) inspecting a skull as an astrologer studies a globe. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Job 38 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) inspecting a skull as an astrologer studies a globe. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Job 38 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting an injured beggar sitting outside the house of a wealthy family, who ignore him. The beggar's hands are pressed together in supplication, but Death is not presence to release him from his misery. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Romans 7 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).

A woodcut depicting an injured beggar sitting outside the house of a wealthy family, who ignore him. The beggar's hands are pressed together in supplication, but Death is not presence to release him from his misery. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Romans 7 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).