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Summary: In August 1523, a second revision of Luther's 1519 Galatians commentary was issued by Luther himself. V. Heydnecker (who may have been V. Obsopaeus) prepared this German translation of the work. Text in German includes M. Luther's translation of St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians from the Greek N.T. Text is translated from M. Luther's Latin work: In epistolam Sancti Pauli ad Galatas commentarius (1519) by V. Heydnecker, who some scholars believe was V. Obsopäus. Text is translation of the 2nd version of Luther's work.

Summary: In August 1523, a second revision of Luther's 1519 Galatians commentary was issued by Luther himself. V. Heydnecker (who may have been V. Obsopaeus) prepared this German translation of the work. Text in German includes M. Luther's translation of St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians from the Greek N.T. Text is translated from M. Luther's Latin work: In epistolam Sancti Pauli ad Galatas commentarius (1519) by V. Heydnecker, who some scholars believe was V. Obsopäus. Text is translation of the 2nd version of Luther's work.

Summary: The first edition of Martin Luther's first book, this is Luther's commentary on the seven penitential Psalms (Psalms 6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, and 143) based on his lectures at the University of Wittenberg and published in March1517, six months before his 95 Theses. The Reformer's understanding of repentance, penance and grace, influenced by the medieval mystic Johannes Tauler, became central to his theology and underlies his later critique of indulgences. Luther revised this commentary in 1525.

Summary: The first edition of Martin Luther's first book, this is Luther's commentary on the seven penitential Psalms (Psalms 6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, and 143) based on his lectures at the University of Wittenberg and published in March1517, six months before his 95 Theses. The Reformer's understanding of repentance, penance and grace, influenced by the medieval mystic Johannes Tauler, became central to his theology and underlies his later critique of indulgences. Luther revised this commentary in 1525.

Summary: One of at least 11 printings produced in 1530 of the Schwabach Articles, 17 articles of faith composed by Luther 1529 in Schwabach. It became one of the foundational documents for the Augsburg Confession.Bound in modern dark green morocco, bordered, blind- and gilt-tooled, with inside dentelles, gold spine title, and gilt edges. Upper board scratched.

Summary: One of at least 11 printings produced in 1530 of the Schwabach Articles, 17 articles of faith composed by Luther 1529 in Schwabach. It became one of the foundational documents for the Augsburg Confession.Bound in modern dark green morocco, bordered, blind- and gilt-tooled, with inside dentelles, gold spine title, and gilt edges. Upper board scratched.

A map of the western hemisphere, identified as the New World, and the western coast of Asia. A spanish style galleon ship is depicted sailing in the Pacific ocean, and a rough shelter built of sticks featureing a dismembered leg is depicted in the general region of Brazil with the label, "Canibali".

A map of the western hemisphere, identified as the New World, and the western coast of Asia. A spanish style galleon ship is depicted sailing in the Pacific ocean, and a rough shelter built of sticks featureing a dismembered leg is depicted in the general region of Brazil with the label, "Canibali".

Summary: First published in Latin in 1523, Luther defines in this tract the order of the Sunday worship service and the distribution of communion. This pamphlet is an important forerunner of Luther's "Deutsche Messe" (German Mass) published in 1526.

Summary: First published in Latin in 1523, Luther defines in this tract the order of the Sunday worship service and the distribution of communion. This pamphlet is an important forerunner of Luther's "Deutsche Messe" (German Mass) published in 1526.

Summary: Luther wrote his "Formula of the Mass and Communion" in 1523 at the insistence of N. Hausmann, the preacher at the Marienkirche, in Zwickau. Hausmann then wanted a German version to be used in his church. P. Speratus supplied one, and an unnamed Nuremberg translator supplied another. This is that Nuremberg work's first printing.

Summary: Luther wrote his "Formula of the Mass and Communion" in 1523 at the insistence of N. Hausmann, the preacher at the Marienkirche, in Zwickau. Hausmann then wanted a German version to be used in his church. P. Speratus supplied one, and an unnamed Nuremberg translator supplied another. This is that Nuremberg work's first printing.

Summary: Collection of sermons by the Alsatian preacher Geiler von Kaysersberg, delivered between 1503 and 1505 at the convent of the sisters of the order of St. Mary Magdalene. Geiler was one of the most popular preachers of his day and was sometimes called the German Savonarola. He was a close friend of the Strasbourg humanist Jakob von Wimpheling and was greatly respected by Sebastian Brant, Johann Reuchlin and Philipp Melanchthon.

Summary: Collection of sermons by the Alsatian preacher Geiler von Kaysersberg, delivered between 1503 and 1505 at the convent of the sisters of the order of St. Mary Magdalene. Geiler was one of the most popular preachers of his day and was sometimes called the German Savonarola. He was a close friend of the Strasbourg humanist Jakob von Wimpheling and was greatly respected by Sebastian Brant, Johann Reuchlin and Philipp Melanchthon.

Summary: This disputation centered around the question of whether the German princes could offer armed resistance to the Emperor, and whether they ought to support him in his war against the Turks. Luther came to believe that any support of the Emperor when he was acting in a religious capacity (in league with the pope) was wrong, because the pope was acting contrary to the Gospel. This is the first (and only) printing of this revised version of these theses. It contains 91 theses, whereas the first version (written before the Emperor and princes had come to terms) contained only 70 theses.

Summary: This disputation centered around the question of whether the German princes could offer armed resistance to the Emperor, and whether they ought to support him in his war against the Turks. Luther came to believe that any support of the Emperor when he was acting in a religious capacity (in league with the pope) was wrong, because the pope was acting contrary to the Gospel. This is the first (and only) printing of this revised version of these theses. It contains 91 theses, whereas the first version (written before the Emperor and princes had come to terms) contained only 70 theses.

Summary: Response by Luther to the theses of Johann Eck, who had previously been in debate with Luther's colleague, Karlstadt. The face to face clash would come some six months later at the end of June, 1519.

Summary: Response by Luther to the theses of Johann Eck, who had previously been in debate with Luther's colleague, Karlstadt. The face to face clash would come some six months later at the end of June, 1519.

Summary: This is Luther's first public attack on Johannes Eck. Included in this volume are Eck's letter of Dec. 24, 1518 in which he records his theological differences with Karlstadt, and Eck's own 12 theses with Luther's response.

Summary: This is Luther's first public attack on Johannes Eck. Included in this volume are Eck's letter of Dec. 24, 1518 in which he records his theological differences with Karlstadt, and Eck's own 12 theses with Luther's response.

Summary: A response by Luther to the accusations leveled at him at the Leipzig Disputation by his opponent, Johann Eck.

Summary: A response by Luther to the accusations leveled at him at the Leipzig Disputation by his opponent, Johann Eck.

Summary: Unique printing of the original notarial protocol of the Leipzig Disputation between Andreas Karlstadt and Martin Luther on the one hand, and Johann Eck, on the other. Includes fully two thirds of the several day debate, and all of the famous "duel" between Luther and Eck on authority in the church. The debates were copied by two notaries, and, at the end of each day's sessions, were verified by two witnesses.

Summary: Unique printing of the original notarial protocol of the Leipzig Disputation between Andreas Karlstadt and Martin Luther on the one hand, and Johann Eck, on the other. Includes fully two thirds of the several day debate, and all of the famous "duel" between Luther and Eck on authority in the church. The debates were copied by two notaries, and, at the end of each day's sessions, were verified by two witnesses.

Summary: An academic disputation presented Georg Theander, professor at the University of Ingolstadt, and defended by Sebastian Haydlauff, priest at the church of St. Moritz in Ingolstadt. The disputation was based on 30 theses on the 2nd and 8th commandments.

Summary: An academic disputation presented Georg Theander, professor at the University of Ingolstadt, and defended by Sebastian Haydlauff, priest at the church of St. Moritz in Ingolstadt. The disputation was based on 30 theses on the 2nd and 8th commandments.

Summary: Since the city of Augsburg was fairly evenly divided between Catholic and Protestant in the early 1520s, several Anabaptists hoped that their movement might benefit from this stalemate. Eitelhans Langenmantel attacks both Catholics and Lutherans, whom he called neo-Papists. His critique in this pamphlet focuses on the eucharist, which Langenmantel views in Zwinglian terms as a symbolic commemoration of the Last Supper. Like many other Anabaptists in Augsburg, Langenmantel was arrested and executed in 1527.

Summary: Since the city of Augsburg was fairly evenly divided between Catholic and Protestant in the early 1520s, several Anabaptists hoped that their movement might benefit from this stalemate. Eitelhans Langenmantel attacks both Catholics and Lutherans, whom he called neo-Papists. His critique in this pamphlet focuses on the eucharist, which Langenmantel views in Zwinglian terms as a symbolic commemoration of the Last Supper. Like many other Anabaptists in Augsburg, Langenmantel was arrested and executed in 1527.

Twenty distichs (couplets) inspired by important events in the life of Martin Luther. The couplets, in Latin, were composed ca. 1550 and are written on paper. The author's name is found at the end of the piece as is his dedication of it to Johann Kestner. Pencil markings of a later owner are located in the upper left corner of the first page. Originally part of a signature, each of the two leaves has been encapsulated in Mylar for protection.

Twenty distichs (couplets) inspired by important events in the life of Martin Luther. The couplets, in Latin, were composed ca. 1550 and are written on paper. The author's name is found at the end of the piece as is his dedication of it to Johann Kestner. Pencil markings of a later owner are located in the upper left corner of the first page. Originally part of a signature, each of the two leaves has been encapsulated in Mylar for protection.

Summary: Johannes Dietenberger was a preaching monk who later became the grand inquisitor in the dioceses of Mainz and Cologne. He is best known for his German translation of the Bible, published in 1534. This work is an answer to Luther's writings on human doctrines and traditions in the Church.

Summary: Johannes Dietenberger was a preaching monk who later became the grand inquisitor in the dioceses of Mainz and Cologne. He is best known for his German translation of the Bible, published in 1534. This work is an answer to Luther's writings on human doctrines and traditions in the Church.

Summary: Luther was persuaded by Karl von Miltitz to write this public statement as a response to certain charges brought against him by his opponents, in particular Mazzolini da Prierio. In this tract, Luther still supports the invocation of the saints, an idea which he abandoned only shortly after.

Summary: Luther was persuaded by Karl von Miltitz to write this public statement as a response to certain charges brought against him by his opponents, in particular Mazzolini da Prierio. In this tract, Luther still supports the invocation of the saints, an idea which he abandoned only shortly after.

Summary: The first of five printings in 1520 of an answer to an attack on Luther issued under the seal and authority of Albert, Archbishop of Mainz.

Summary: The first of five printings in 1520 of an answer to an attack on Luther issued under the seal and authority of Albert, Archbishop of Mainz.

Summary: Luther's letter to the provost, dean and canons of All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, written August 19, 1523, discussing the nature of the mass and his reasons for abolishing masses for the dead and for saints.

Summary: Luther's letter to the provost, dean and canons of All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, written August 19, 1523, discussing the nature of the mass and his reasons for abolishing masses for the dead and for saints.

Summary: Despite his lack of success in appealing to the Pope for an Ecumenical Council in 1518, Luther repeats his call in this pamphlet, combining it with a special appeal to the emperor and to the German princes. This is the first printing of this work, produced outside the city of Wittenberg.

Summary: Despite his lack of success in appealing to the Pope for an Ecumenical Council in 1518, Luther repeats his call in this pamphlet, combining it with a special appeal to the emperor and to the German princes. This is the first printing of this work, produced outside the city of Wittenberg.

Summary: Luther's "Theses on Monasticisms" came about as a partial response to Melanchthon's essay in Loci Communes. Melanchthon revised this section of the Loci to take Luther's criticism into account. Luther's work was translated into German by at least three translators none of whom can be named with certainty.

Summary: Luther's "Theses on Monasticisms" came about as a partial response to Melanchthon's essay in Loci Communes. Melanchthon revised this section of the Loci to take Luther's criticism into account. Luther's work was translated into German by at least three translators none of whom can be named with certainty.