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Summary: This volume includes both Emser's letter on the Leipzig Disputation, and Luther's sharp reply. Luther and Emser became lifelong enemies, a situation only exacerbated by Emser's use of Luther's New Testament as a basis for his own German translation in which he attacks Luther and Lutheranism. The woodcut on the title page shows Emser's coat-of-arms with the prominent goat, which gave Luther the title of his work, "To the Goat in Leipzig." The manuscript note on the title page says the book was purchased in 1520.

Summary: This volume includes both Emser's letter on the Leipzig Disputation, and Luther's sharp reply. Luther and Emser became lifelong enemies, a situation only exacerbated by Emser's use of Luther's New Testament as a basis for his own German translation in which he attacks Luther and Lutheranism. The woodcut on the title page shows Emser's coat-of-arms with the prominent goat, which gave Luther the title of his work, "To the Goat in Leipzig." The manuscript note on the title page says the book was purchased in 1520.

Summary: This is a finely executed and rare edition, dealing with the office of the Pope, with special emphasis on the person of St. Peter. Tommaso de Vio, also called Cajetan, taught philosophy and theology at Padua, Pavia, and Rome, and played an important part in the ecclesiastical affairs of the time, urging the cause of reform.

Summary: This is a finely executed and rare edition, dealing with the office of the Pope, with special emphasis on the person of St. Peter. Tommaso de Vio, also called Cajetan, taught philosophy and theology at Padua, Pavia, and Rome, and played an important part in the ecclesiastical affairs of the time, urging the cause of reform.

Summary: The Donation of Constantine was a work that told of how the Emperor Constantine I gave secular domination over Italy to the Bishops of Rome. Although purported to have been written in the fourth century, the humanist scholar Lorenzo Valla proved the work, long suspect to be an eighth century forgery. Vall's treatise was one of the first important works of comparative philology, a method invaluable to later biblical scholars and translators.

Summary: The Donation of Constantine was a work that told of how the Emperor Constantine I gave secular domination over Italy to the Bishops of Rome. Although purported to have been written in the fourth century, the humanist scholar Lorenzo Valla proved the work, long suspect to be an eighth century forgery. Vall's treatise was one of the first important works of comparative philology, a method invaluable to later biblical scholars and translators.

Summary: One of two printings of Karlstadt's treatise on the dichotomy of law and grace.

Summary: One of two printings of Karlstadt's treatise on the dichotomy of law and grace.

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Summary: This is the third printing of Luther's treatise on monastic vows.

Summary: This is the third printing of Luther's treatise on monastic vows.

Summary: A text written against the teachings of Jean Calvin and the Calvinist approach to the Lord's Supper.

Summary: A text written against the teachings of Jean Calvin and the Calvinist approach to the Lord's Supper.

Summary: Early book on the Ten Commandments and the Seven Deadly Sins by Martin Luther. Originally written in Latin, it is here translated into German by Sebastian Münster, a young Franciscan teacher/scholar, soon to become famous as one of the great Christian Hebraists of his time. This is the first printing of the German translation.

Summary: Early book on the Ten Commandments and the Seven Deadly Sins by Martin Luther. Originally written in Latin, it is here translated into German by Sebastian Münster, a young Franciscan teacher/scholar, soon to become famous as one of the great Christian Hebraists of his time. This is the first printing of the German translation.

Summary: This is the second printing of Luther's exposition of Psalm 147. Text in German includes M. Luther's German translation of Psalms CXLVII from the Hebrew O.T.

Summary: This is the second printing of Luther's exposition of Psalm 147. Text in German includes M. Luther's German translation of Psalms CXLVII from the Hebrew O.T.

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Summary: Popular piety and "modern" science here make mutual if unusual companions. Science is used to teach piety and piety reinforces a scientific perspective. The smile is that just as a wagon goes on four wheels, so philosophy and human thought proceed on their "fourfold paths"---logic, physics (medicine), ethics and theology.

Summary: Popular piety and "modern" science here make mutual if unusual companions. Science is used to teach piety and piety reinforces a scientific perspective. The smile is that just as a wagon goes on four wheels, so philosophy and human thought proceed on their "fourfold paths"---logic, physics (medicine), ethics and theology.

Summary: The only printing of a pamphlet against Andreas Osiander's interpretation of Luther's doctrine of salvation by faith, signed by several theologians and pastors from Wittenberg.

Summary: The only printing of a pamphlet against Andreas Osiander's interpretation of Luther's doctrine of salvation by faith, signed by several theologians and pastors from Wittenberg.

Summary: In this "New Year's Wish," Hans Sachs considers the problem of a man facing death. He calls first upon his physical attributes--youth, beauty, strenght, etc,--but finds they cannot help him. It is the spiritual factors of Sorrow, Confession, Pepentance, Hope, Faith and above all Love, that give him good counsel and rouse him from the dream of Death. This is the second printing of the revised version.

Summary: In this "New Year's Wish," Hans Sachs considers the problem of a man facing death. He calls first upon his physical attributes--youth, beauty, strenght, etc,--but finds they cannot help him. It is the spiritual factors of Sorrow, Confession, Pepentance, Hope, Faith and above all Love, that give him good counsel and rouse him from the dream of Death. This is the second printing of the revised version.

Summary: Luther's first attempts to communicate with the Protestants at Riga were unsuccessful. Later, communications were established, and this commentary on Psalm 127 was the result of their request for something edifying. This is the seventh printing of the work.

Summary: Luther's first attempts to communicate with the Protestants at Riga were unsuccessful. Later, communications were established, and this commentary on Psalm 127 was the result of their request for something edifying. This is the seventh printing of the work.

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Summary: H. Dungersheim had exchanged several letters with Luther before he wrote this dialogue. It was his first formal controversialist tract, written in 1520, but not published until 1531. Luther burned a manuscript copy of this work when he burned the bull Exsurge Domine on December 10, 1520.

Summary: H. Dungersheim had exchanged several letters with Luther before he wrote this dialogue. It was his first formal controversialist tract, written in 1520, but not published until 1531. Luther burned a manuscript copy of this work when he burned the bull Exsurge Domine on December 10, 1520.

Summary: In August 1523, a second revision of Luther's 1519 Galatians commentary was issued by Luther himself. V. Heydnecker (who may have been V. Obsopaeus) prepared this German translation of the work. Text in German includes M. Luther's translation of St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians from the Greek N.T. Text is translated from M. Luther's Latin work: In epistolam Sancti Pauli ad Galatas commentarius (1519) by V. Heydnecker, who some scholars believe was V. Obsopäus. Text is translation of the 2nd version of Luther's work.

Summary: In August 1523, a second revision of Luther's 1519 Galatians commentary was issued by Luther himself. V. Heydnecker (who may have been V. Obsopaeus) prepared this German translation of the work. Text in German includes M. Luther's translation of St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians from the Greek N.T. Text is translated from M. Luther's Latin work: In epistolam Sancti Pauli ad Galatas commentarius (1519) by V. Heydnecker, who some scholars believe was V. Obsopäus. Text is translation of the 2nd version of Luther's work.

Summary: The first edition of Martin Luther's first book, this is Luther's commentary on the seven penitential Psalms (Psalms 6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, and 143) based on his lectures at the University of Wittenberg and published in March1517, six months before his 95 Theses. The Reformer's understanding of repentance, penance and grace, influenced by the medieval mystic Johannes Tauler, became central to his theology and underlies his later critique of indulgences. Luther revised this commentary in 1525.

Summary: The first edition of Martin Luther's first book, this is Luther's commentary on the seven penitential Psalms (Psalms 6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, and 143) based on his lectures at the University of Wittenberg and published in March1517, six months before his 95 Theses. The Reformer's understanding of repentance, penance and grace, influenced by the medieval mystic Johannes Tauler, became central to his theology and underlies his later critique of indulgences. Luther revised this commentary in 1525.

Summary: One of at least 11 printings produced in 1530 of the Schwabach Articles, 17 articles of faith composed by Luther 1529 in Schwabach. It became one of the foundational documents for the Augsburg Confession.Bound in modern dark green morocco, bordered, blind- and gilt-tooled, with inside dentelles, gold spine title, and gilt edges. Upper board scratched.

Summary: One of at least 11 printings produced in 1530 of the Schwabach Articles, 17 articles of faith composed by Luther 1529 in Schwabach. It became one of the foundational documents for the Augsburg Confession.Bound in modern dark green morocco, bordered, blind- and gilt-tooled, with inside dentelles, gold spine title, and gilt edges. Upper board scratched.

Summary: First published in Latin in 1523, Luther defines in this tract the order of the Sunday worship service and the distribution of communion. This pamphlet is an important forerunner of Luther's "Deutsche Messe" (German Mass) published in 1526.

Summary: First published in Latin in 1523, Luther defines in this tract the order of the Sunday worship service and the distribution of communion. This pamphlet is an important forerunner of Luther's "Deutsche Messe" (German Mass) published in 1526.

Summary: Luther wrote his "Formula of the Mass and Communion" in 1523 at the insistence of N. Hausmann, the preacher at the Marienkirche, in Zwickau. Hausmann then wanted a German version to be used in his church. P. Speratus supplied one, and an unnamed Nuremberg translator supplied another. This is that Nuremberg work's first printing.

Summary: Luther wrote his "Formula of the Mass and Communion" in 1523 at the insistence of N. Hausmann, the preacher at the Marienkirche, in Zwickau. Hausmann then wanted a German version to be used in his church. P. Speratus supplied one, and an unnamed Nuremberg translator supplied another. This is that Nuremberg work's first printing.