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An engraving depicting a cross-section of the Borghese Chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, facing west, with a view of the dome and the papal monument of Clement VIII.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the Borghese Chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, facing west, with a view of the dome and the papal monument of Clement VIII.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the Sistine Chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, facing east, with a view of the dome and the papal monument of Sixtus V.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the Sistine Chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, facing east, with a view of the dome and the papal monument of Sixtus V.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the Sistine Chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, facing north from the entrance to the nave, with a view of the dome and back wall.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the Sistine Chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, facing north from the entrance to the nave, with a view of the dome and back wall.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the Sistine Chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, facing south towards the entrance to the nave, with a view of the dome.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the Sistine Chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, facing south towards the entrance to the nave, with a view of the dome.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the Sistine Chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, facing west, with a view of the dome and the papal monument of Pius V.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the Sistine Chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, facing west, with a view of the dome and the papal monument of Pius V.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of apse of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, looking west with a view down either lateral nave.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of apse of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, looking west with a view down either lateral nave.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the end of the nave of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, looking west towards the apse, main altar, and the two reliquaries.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the end of the nave of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, looking west towards the apse, main altar, and the two reliquaries.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the nave of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, looking east from the main altar. This shows two bell towers, although the actual building only has one.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the nave of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, looking east from the main altar. This shows two bell towers, although the actual building only has one.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the middle portion of the nave of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, looking west towards the apse and the main altar.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the middle portion of the nave of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, looking west towards the apse and the main altar.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the northeastern corner of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, highlighting the improvements paid for through a Papal Bull issued by Pope Paul V. This view shows the area as viewed from the central nave looking north, past the base of the bell tower.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the northeastern corner of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, highlighting the improvements paid for through a Papal Bull issued by Pope Paul V. This view shows the area as viewed from the central nave looking north, past the base of the bell tower.

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the northeastern corner of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, highlighting the improvements paid for through a Papal Bull issued by Pope Paul V. This view shows the area as viewed looking south, toward the bell tower, and shows the papal monument of Paul V just inside the entrance to the

An engraving depicting a cross-section of the northeastern corner of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, highlighting the improvements paid for through a Papal Bull issued by Pope Paul V. This view shows the area as viewed looking south, toward the bell tower, and shows the papal monument of Paul V just inside the entrance to the

Summary: After Luther had published the Ninety-five Theses, a broad academic debate spread across Germany on the question of the validity of indulgences. The debate was soon joined by Eck of Ingolstadt, representing the Catholic position. Karlstadt, a senior theologian at Wittenberg seems to have taken the lead in defending his colleague with his work, a series of disputations held at the University of Wittenberg beginning May 14, 1518, and continuing beyond July 7, 1518.

Summary: After Luther had published the Ninety-five Theses, a broad academic debate spread across Germany on the question of the validity of indulgences. The debate was soon joined by Eck of Ingolstadt, representing the Catholic position. Karlstadt, a senior theologian at Wittenberg seems to have taken the lead in defending his colleague with his work, a series of disputations held at the University of Wittenberg beginning May 14, 1518, and continuing beyond July 7, 1518.

Summary: Composed by Erasmus of Rotterdam, at the latest, in 1533, this tract on preparing for death first appeared in printed form in Basel at the beginning of 1534. This printing was followed by the Cologne printing in April. It is dedicated to Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond (1477-1539), the father of Henry VIII's second wife, Anne Boleyn.

Summary: Composed by Erasmus of Rotterdam, at the latest, in 1533, this tract on preparing for death first appeared in printed form in Basel at the beginning of 1534. This printing was followed by the Cologne printing in April. It is dedicated to Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond (1477-1539), the father of Henry VIII's second wife, Anne Boleyn.

Summary: A call for concord and harmony in the church by one of the great Humanists of the time.

Summary: A call for concord and harmony in the church by one of the great Humanists of the time.

Summary: First edition of the second Latin translation of Luther's Large Catechism, published earlier the same year. This translation was done Vincentius Opsopäus (Vinzenz Heidecker). Issued with it is the first Latin edition of Johann Brenz's catechism, first published in German in 1528 under the title "Fragstuck des christlichen Glaube[n]s für die Jugend zu Schwebische[n] Hall]."

Summary: First edition of the second Latin translation of Luther's Large Catechism, published earlier the same year. This translation was done Vincentius Opsopäus (Vinzenz Heidecker). Issued with it is the first Latin edition of Johann Brenz's catechism, first published in German in 1528 under the title "Fragstuck des christlichen Glaube[n]s für die Jugend zu Schwebische[n] Hall]."

Summary:

Summary:

A map of the world including latitude and longitude markers. Personifications of the winds are depicted withing croulds surrounding the map and various monstrous creatures are depicted within the oceans.

A map of the world including latitude and longitude markers. Personifications of the winds are depicted withing croulds surrounding the map and various monstrous creatures are depicted within the oceans.

Summary: Early edition of Erasmus' treatise on free human will and its limits.

Summary: Early edition of Erasmus' treatise on free human will and its limits.

Engraved portrait of Petau.

Engraved portrait of Petau.

Summary: Oldrich Velensky, Latinized as Ulrich Velenus, was a Bohemian Protestant who opposed the papal claims to power based on St. Peter's residence and martyrdom in Rome. Cochlaeus upholds the traditional Catholic view that St. Peter was martyred in Rome in the reign of Nero in this volume against Velensky's criticism.

Summary: Oldrich Velensky, Latinized as Ulrich Velenus, was a Bohemian Protestant who opposed the papal claims to power based on St. Peter's residence and martyrdom in Rome. Cochlaeus upholds the traditional Catholic view that St. Peter was martyred in Rome in the reign of Nero in this volume against Velensky's criticism.

Summary:

Summary: