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  • A signed letter in German from Albert of Brandenburg to Julius Plug, dated 30th July 1540. The letter is a request to translate from Latin into German some articles on religion by Luther.
    Text

    Letter from Albert of Brandenburg to Julius Plug, July 30, 1540

    Albrecht, of Brandenburg, Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, Cardinal, 1490-1545
    A signed letter in German from Albert of Brandenburg to Julius Plug, dated 30th July 1540. The letter is a request to translate from Latin into German some articles on religion by Luther.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Created
    1540-07-30
    Collections
    Albert, of Brandenburg, Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, Cardinal letter, Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A signed letter in German from Albert of Brandenburg to Julius Plug, dated 30th July 1540. The letter is a request to translate from Latin into German some articles on religion by Luther.
  • A cover letter, dated May 3, 1534, for a manuscript which Spalatin had promised to Duke Magnus III of Mecklenburg regarding the justification used by Henry VIII for his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, which was never recognized by Rome. Henry had married Anne Boleyn in January of 1533 and on May 23 1534, Pope Clement VII invalidated Henry's divorce and remarriage, which led to England's final break with Rome and the foundingn of the Anglican Church. The German reformers and Protestant princes took an active part in these events, and some of them still believed that they had found an ally in Henry, despite his earlier hostility to Luther.
    Text

    Letter from Georg Spalatin to Duke Magnus III of Mecklenburg, May 3, 1534

    Spalatin, Georg, 1484-1545
    A cover letter, dated May 3, 1534, for a manuscript which Spalatin had promised to Duke Magnus III of Mecklenburg regarding the justification used by Henry VIII for his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, which was never recognized by Rome. Henry had married Anne Boleyn in January of 1533 and on May 23 1534, Pope Clement VII invalidated Henry's divorce and remarriage, which led to England's final break with Rome and the foundingn of the Anglican Church.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Created
    1534-05-03
    Collections
    Georg Spalatin letters, Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A cover letter, dated May 3, 1534, for a manuscript which Spalatin had promised to Duke Magnus III of Mecklenburg regarding the justification used by Henry VIII for his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, which was never recognized by Rome. Henry had married Anne Boleyn in January of 1533 and on May 23 1534, Pope Clement VII invalidated Henry's divorce and remarriage, which led to England's final break with Rome and the foundingn of the Anglican Church.
  • A letter written to Heinrich von Einsiedel and an enclosed with a copy of a sermon by Philipp Melanchthon. Within the body of the letter, Spalatin entreats Einsiedel to "exert your goodwill on the work's behalf". The letter is dated 1536.
    Text

    Letter from Georg Spalatin to Heinrich von Einsiedel, January 9, 1536

    Spalatin, Georg, 1484-1545
    A letter written to Heinrich von Einsiedel and an enclosed with a copy of a sermon by Philipp Melanchthon. Within the body of the letter, Spalatin entreats Einsiedel to "exert your goodwill on the work's behalf". The letter is dated 1536.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Created
    1536-01-09
    Collections
    Georg Spalatin letters, Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A letter written to Heinrich von Einsiedel and an enclosed with a copy of a sermon by Philipp Melanchthon. Within the body of the letter, Spalatin entreats Einsiedel to "exert your goodwill on the work's behalf". The letter is dated 1536.
  • A letter written to the "Noble and Right worthy Heinrich von Einsiedel" in Gnansteyn. The matter being addressed is the refusal of Brosius Berger to take an oath, thus hindering Katharina Gockritz from getting married. Mention of consultation with Doctor Martin [Luther] is in the letter. With the exception of the upper right corner which is missing, the paper is in good condition. The date "1528" appears in the upper left corner in a different ink.
    Text

    Letter from Georg Spalatin to Heinrich von Einsiedel, October 7, 1528

    Spalatin, Georg, 1484-1545
    A letter written to the "Noble and Right worthy Heinrich von Einsiedel" in Gnansteyn. The matter being addressed is the refusal of Brosius Berger to take an oath, thus hindering Katharina Gockritz from getting married. Mention of consultation with Doctor Martin [Luther] is in the letter. With the exception of the upper right corner which is missing, the paper is in good condition. The date "1528" appears in the upper left corner in a different ink.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Created
    1528-10-07
    Collections
    Georg Spalatin letters, Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A letter written to the "Noble and Right worthy Heinrich von Einsiedel" in Gnansteyn. The matter being addressed is the refusal of Brosius Berger to take an oath, thus hindering Katharina Gockritz from getting married. Mention of consultation with Doctor Martin [Luther] is in the letter. With the exception of the upper right corner which is missing, the paper is in good condition. The date "1528" appears in the upper left corner in a different ink.
  • A signed (letter contains notation in his own hand), handwritten letter, in German, on paper. The letter addresses John's unwillingness to provide aid in a dispute against his relative, Duke Albrecht of Bavaria.
    Text

    Letter from John, Elector of Saxony, to Duke Albrecht of Bavaria

    John, Elector of Saxony, 1468-1532
    A signed (letter contains notation in his own hand), handwritten letter, in German, on paper. The letter addresses John's unwillingness to provide aid in a dispute against his relative, Duke Albrecht of Bavaria.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Created
    1501
    Collections
    John, Elector of Saxony letter, Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A signed (letter contains notation in his own hand), handwritten letter, in German, on paper. The letter addresses John's unwillingness to provide aid in a dispute against his relative, Duke Albrecht of Bavaria.
  • A partial letter from Philip Henry Molther to John Wesley requesting Wesley visit and deliver a sermon. Additionally, there are several other short notes: from James Hutton to a Mr. Felschig, from James Hutton to John Wesley, and from Joseph Verding to Mr. Felshig. The original letter is accompanied by a handwritten copy and a note on the history between the various writers and addressees.
    Text

    Letter from Philipp Heinrich Molther to John Wesley, London

    Molther, Philipp Heinrich, 1714-1780
    A partial letter from Philip Henry Molther to John Wesley requesting Wesley visit and deliver a sermon. Additionally, there are several other short notes: from James Hutton to a Mr. Felschig, from James Hutton to John Wesley, and from Joseph Verding to Mr. Felshig. The original letter is accompanied by a handwritten copy and a note on the history between the various writers and addressees.
    Subject - Time Period
    Eighteenth century
    Date Created
    1740-01-25
    Collection
    John Wesley papers
    Copyright
    IN COPYRIGHT
    A partial letter from Philip Henry Molther to John Wesley requesting Wesley visit and deliver a sermon. Additionally, there are several other short notes: from James Hutton to a Mr. Felschig, from James Hutton to John Wesley, and from Joseph Verding to Mr. Felshig. The original letter is accompanied by a handwritten copy and a note on the history between the various writers and addressees.
  • A handwritten letter, in German, addressed to Samsons Schoffler zu Seyda and Mathes Pustewald, concerning the parish of Neuerdorff, and the death of the Rev. Wust.
    Text

    Letter to Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, ca. 1512

    A handwritten letter, in German, addressed to Samsons Schoffler zu Seyda and Mathes Pustewald, concerning the parish of Neuerdorff, and the death of the Rev. Wust.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Created
    1510/1515
    Collections
    Frederick III, Elector of Saxony letter, Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A handwritten letter, in German, addressed to Samsons Schoffler zu Seyda and Mathes Pustewald, concerning the parish of Neuerdorff, and the death of the Rev. Wust.
  • A woodcut depicting Martin Luther, in the garb of an Augustinian monk, debating a gathering of Catholic clergy members, including the Pope, a cardinal, a bishop, and a monk. This woodcut appears on the title page of a popular anonymous account of Luther's debate before the Diet of Worms in 1521.
    Still image

    Luther in debate with Cathoic clergy

    A woodcut depicting Martin Luther, in the garb of an Augustinian monk, debating a gathering of Catholic clergy members, including the Pope, a cardinal, a bishop, and a monk. This woodcut appears on the title page of a popular anonymous account of Luther's debate before the Diet of Worms in 1521.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1521
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A woodcut depicting Martin Luther, in the garb of an Augustinian monk, debating a gathering of Catholic clergy members, including the Pope, a cardinal, a bishop, and a monk. This woodcut appears on the title page of a popular anonymous account of Luther's debate before the Diet of Worms in 1521.
  • An engraving depicting the execution of Leonhard Bernkopff. The image shows Bernkopff bound to a stake while a man stokes a fire beside him.
    Still image

    Léonard Bernkop brulé à Saltzbourg, A. 1542

    Luiken, Jan, 1649-1712
    An engraving depicting the execution of Leonhard Bernkopff. The image shows Bernkopff bound to a stake while a man stokes a fire beside him.
    Subject - Time Period
    Seventeenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1685
    1698
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    An engraving depicting the execution of Leonhard Bernkopff. The image shows Bernkopff bound to a stake while a man stokes a fire beside him.
  • An engraving depicting the execution of Leonhard Kaiser, a Lutheran martyr. The image shows Kaiser reaching down to pick a flower as he is carted towards a large bonfire in the background.
    Still image

    Léonard Keyser, Pretre, brulé comme héretique à Schardingen, A. 1527

    Luiken, Jan, 1649-1712
    An engraving depicting the execution of Leonhard Kaiser, a Lutheran martyr. The image shows Kaiser reaching down to pick a flower as he is carted towards a large bonfire in the background.
    Subject - Time Period
    Seventeenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1685
    1698
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    An engraving depicting the execution of Leonhard Kaiser, a Lutheran martyr. The image shows Kaiser reaching down to pick a flower as he is carted towards a large bonfire in the background.
  • An engraving depicting the execution of Lanaert Plovier, Jenne van Aken, and Marie van Aken. The image shows Plovier praying as he is placed in a sack (left), one of the van Aken's lying on the ground already bound in a sack (bottom), and the other van Aken (also bound in a sack) being placed head-first in a barrel of water.
    Still image

    Léonard Plovier, Ieanne et Marie van Aken, noyez à Anvers, A. 1560

    Luiken, Jan, 1649-1712
    An engraving depicting the execution of Lanaert Plovier, Jenne van Aken, and Marie van Aken. The image shows Plovier praying as he is placed in a sack (left), one of the van Aken's lying on the ground already bound in a sack (bottom), and the other van Aken (also bound in a sack) being placed head-first in a barrel of water.
    Subject - Time Period
    Seventeenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1685
    1698
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    An engraving depicting the execution of Lanaert Plovier, Jenne van Aken, and Marie van Aken. The image shows Plovier praying as he is placed in a sack (left), one of the van Aken's lying on the ground already bound in a sack (bottom), and the other van Aken (also bound in a sack) being placed head-first in a barrel of water.
  • A woodcut depicting Jesus as the "man of sorrows" (Isaiah 53:3), surrounded by the instruments of his suffering and death, including a spear, cross, hammer, scourge, and crown of thorns, as three die sit stacked at his feet. The phrase "Ecce homo" appears behind the form of Jesus.
    Still image

    Man of Sorrows

    A woodcut depicting Jesus as the "man of sorrows" (Isaiah 53:3), surrounded by the instruments of his suffering and death, including a spear, cross, hammer, scourge, and crown of thorns, as three die sit stacked at his feet. The phrase "Ecce homo" appears behind the form of Jesus.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1519
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A woodcut depicting Jesus as the "man of sorrows" (Isaiah 53:3), surrounded by the instruments of his suffering and death, including a spear, cross, hammer, scourge, and crown of thorns, as three die sit stacked at his feet. The phrase "Ecce homo" appears behind the form of Jesus.
  • Summary: Collection of sermons on various topics by the Lutheran preacher Caspar Huberinus.
    Text

    Mancherley Form zu predigen, von den fürnembsten Stücken, so in der Christlichen Kirchen teglich gelert vnd getrieben sollen werden : Allen Kirchendienern, vnd guthertzigen Christen zu Dienst

    Huberinus, Caspar
    Summary: Collection of sermons on various topics by the Lutheran preacher Caspar Huberinus.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1557
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    Summary: Collection of sermons on various topics by the Lutheran preacher Caspar Huberinus.
  • An engraving depicting the aftermath of the execution of Marie Wens. The image shows Wens' sons searching through the ashes of their mother's pyre for something to remember her.
    Still image

    Marie Wens étant brulée la bouche fermée avec une vis, son fils vient chercher cette vis pour en garder le souvenir, A. 1573

    Luiken, Jan, 1649-1712
    An engraving depicting the aftermath of the execution of Marie Wens. The image shows Wens' sons searching through the ashes of their mother's pyre for something to remember her.
    Subject - Time Period
    Seventeenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1685
    1698
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    An engraving depicting the aftermath of the execution of Marie Wens. The image shows Wens' sons searching through the ashes of their mother's pyre for something to remember her.
  • An engraving depicting the execution of a woman, Maria. The image shows Maria being bound at the edge of a dock, and as she removes her own outer garments, a monk attempts to encourage her to renounce her faith.
    Still image

    Marie, noyée à Monjou, A. 1552

    Luiken, Jan, 1649-1712
    An engraving depicting the execution of a woman, Maria. The image shows Maria being bound at the edge of a dock, and as she removes her own outer garments, a monk attempts to encourage her to renounce her faith.
    Subject - Time Period
    Seventeenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1685
    1698
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    An engraving depicting the execution of a woman, Maria. The image shows Maria being bound at the edge of a dock, and as she removes her own outer garments, a monk attempts to encourage her to renounce her faith.
  • A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible. This woodcut appears on the title page of the German translation of Luther's work De captivitate Babylonica ecclesiae praeludium.
    Still image

    Martin Luther

    Baldung, Hans, -1545
    A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible. This woodcut appears on the title page of the German translation of Luther's work De captivitate Babylonica ecclesiae praeludium.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1520
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible. This woodcut appears on the title page of the German translation of Luther's work De captivitate Babylonica ecclesiae praeludium.
  • A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible, and flanked by two decorated pillars. Appears to be done after the woodcut portrait by Hans Baldung.
    Still image

    Martin Luther

    A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible, and flanked by two decorated pillars. Appears to be done after the woodcut portrait by Hans Baldung.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1521
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible, and flanked by two decorated pillars. Appears to be done after the woodcut portrait by Hans Baldung.
  • A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible, with a dove above him, representing the Holy Spirit.
    Still image

    Martin Luther and the Holy Spirit

    Baldung, Hans, -1545
    A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible, with a dove above him, representing the Holy Spirit.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1523
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A woodcut portrait of Martin Luther dressed in the traditional garb of an Augustinian monk and holding a book, likely a Bible, with a dove above him, representing the Holy Spirit.
  • A woodcut depicting Martin Luther in the garb of an Augustinian Monk. Below Luther is a traditional Luther rose. Surrounding the portrait is an inscription, mirrored as the image was printed in reverse, reading "DOCTOR MARTINUS LUTTER AUGUSTINER: WITTENB:". This is purported to be the earliest depiction of Luther.
    Still image

    Martin Luther as an Augustinian Monk

    A woodcut depicting Martin Luther in the garb of an Augustinian Monk. Below Luther is a traditional Luther rose. Surrounding the portrait is an inscription, mirrored as the image was printed in reverse, reading "DOCTOR MARTINUS LUTTER AUGUSTINER: WITTENB:". This is purported to be the earliest depiction of Luther.
    Subject - Time Period
    Sixteenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1520
    Collection
    Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    A woodcut depicting Martin Luther in the garb of an Augustinian Monk. Below Luther is a traditional Luther rose. Surrounding the portrait is an inscription, mirrored as the image was printed in reverse, reading "DOCTOR MARTINUS LUTTER AUGUSTINER: WITTENB:". This is purported to be the earliest depiction of Luther.
  • An engraving depicting the Portadown massacre. The image shows people being cut apart and roasted over a fire (foreground) and being pushed en masse off a bridge into the River Bann (background).
    Still image

    Massacre d'Irlande pres l'an 1644

    Luiken, Jan, 1649-1712
    An engraving depicting the Portadown massacre. The image shows people being cut apart and roasted over a fire (foreground) and being pushed en masse off a bridge into the River Bann (background).
    Subject - Time Period
    Seventeenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1685
    1698
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    An engraving depicting the Portadown massacre. The image shows people being cut apart and roasted over a fire (foreground) and being pushed en masse off a bridge into the River Bann (background).
  • An engraving depicting the massacre of Anabaptists under the orders of the Bishop of Chur. The image shows two men shooting a third with rifles while standing over two bodies (foreground), people being thrown from windows (background, center), and people being hanged (background left).
    Still image

    Massacre dans la Ville de Tiran, par l'Evêque de Chur, pres l'an 1606

    Luiken, Jan, 1649-1712
    An engraving depicting the massacre of Anabaptists under the orders of the Bishop of Chur. The image shows two men shooting a third with rifles while standing over two bodies (foreground), people being thrown from windows (background, center), and people being hanged (background left).
    Subject - Time Period
    Seventeenth century
    Date Issued or Published
    1685
    1698
    Copyright
    NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES
    An engraving depicting the massacre of Anabaptists under the orders of the Bishop of Chur. The image shows two men shooting a third with rifles while standing over two bodies (foreground), people being thrown from windows (background, center), and people being hanged (background left).
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