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The digital edition of an introductory study of the "Enchiridion geistliker leder unde Psalmen," originally published by Melchior Lotter in Magdeburg, Germany, in 1536, including facsimile reproductions. The original text includes hymns in part with melodies in Low German.

The digital edition of an introductory study of the "Enchiridion geistliker leder unde Psalmen," originally published by Melchior Lotter in Magdeburg, Germany, in 1536, including facsimile reproductions. The original text includes hymns in part with melodies in Low German.

Summary: In 1521, Melanchthon wrote the first Protestant dogmatics, the "Loci Communes." Eck countered in 1525 with his "handbook on Theological Topics". Possibly the most widely reprinted Catholic critique of Lutheran doctrine (Metzler lists 91 contemporary editions). Eck uses the same topical procedure and cites the Bible, Church Fathers, Councils, and Popes heavily in the presentation of his arguments.

Summary: In 1521, Melanchthon wrote the first Protestant dogmatics, the "Loci Communes." Eck countered in 1525 with his "handbook on Theological Topics". Possibly the most widely reprinted Catholic critique of Lutheran doctrine (Metzler lists 91 contemporary editions). Eck uses the same topical procedure and cites the Bible, Church Fathers, Councils, and Popes heavily in the presentation of his arguments.

Summary: It is not certain who wrote this tract on the Leipzig Disputation but J. Montanus or J. Cellarius appear to be the most likely candidates. Montanus became the first Protestant preacher in Westphalia, while Cellarius or Kellner, became the first Protestant Superintendent of Dresden.

Summary: It is not certain who wrote this tract on the Leipzig Disputation but J. Montanus or J. Cellarius appear to be the most likely candidates. Montanus became the first Protestant preacher in Westphalia, while Cellarius or Kellner, became the first Protestant Superintendent of Dresden.

An engraving of a medallion or coin featuring James II of England on the face, framed by the inscription "IACOBUS II DEI GRA ANG SCOT FRAN ET HIB REX" ("James II, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, [France?], and [Hibernia]"). On the back, there is a scene of a naval battle behind a set of Roman style armaments beneath the inscription "GENUS ANTIQUUM".

An engraving of a medallion or coin featuring James II of England on the face, framed by the inscription "IACOBUS II DEI GRA ANG SCOT FRAN ET HIB REX" ("James II, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, [France?], and [Hibernia]"). On the back, there is a scene of a naval battle behind a set of Roman style armaments beneath the inscription "GENUS ANTIQUUM".

Summary: The Leipzig disputation was a debate between Martin Luther and Andreas Karlstadt on the one hand and Johann Eck on the other. While Karlstadt and Eck found some grounds for agreement on the question of free will, Luther and Eck disagreed vehemently over the question of the pope's authority to establish new articles of faith. This work publishes a letter Luther wrote to his friend Georg Spalatin, as well as 13 theses by Luther refuting Eck's position on the primacy of the pope and the authority of councils.

Summary: The Leipzig disputation was a debate between Martin Luther and Andreas Karlstadt on the one hand and Johann Eck on the other. While Karlstadt and Eck found some grounds for agreement on the question of free will, Luther and Eck disagreed vehemently over the question of the pope's authority to establish new articles of faith. This work publishes a letter Luther wrote to his friend Georg Spalatin, as well as 13 theses by Luther refuting Eck's position on the primacy of the pope and the authority of councils.

Summary: A report on the Leipzig Disputation of 1519, ostensibly between Karlstadt and Johann Eck, but with the active participation of Luther both in preparation and in delivery. It was at this formal disputation that Eck was successful in pushing Luther to admit that not only popes, but councils, as well, had erred. This was an important point in Eck's favor, since Luther had, up to this point, appealed from the authority of the Pope to that of an ecumenical council.

Summary: A report on the Leipzig Disputation of 1519, ostensibly between Karlstadt and Johann Eck, but with the active participation of Luther both in preparation and in delivery. It was at this formal disputation that Eck was successful in pushing Luther to admit that not only popes, but councils, as well, had erred. This was an important point in Eck's favor, since Luther had, up to this point, appealed from the authority of the Pope to that of an ecumenical council.

Summary: This pamphlet contains two letters on Lutheranism by converts to Catholicism. Witzel's publication of Haner's letter led to the latter's expulsion from the city of Nuremberg.

Summary: This pamphlet contains two letters on Lutheranism by converts to Catholicism. Witzel's publication of Haner's letter led to the latter's expulsion from the city of Nuremberg.

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Summary: Summary of the transactions of teh Colloquy of Maulbronn, a council involving theologians from Lutheran Würtemberg and the Reformed (Zwinglian) Palatinate. The main point of debate was the presence of Christ in the Eucharist.

Summary: Summary of the transactions of teh Colloquy of Maulbronn, a council involving theologians from Lutheran Würtemberg and the Reformed (Zwinglian) Palatinate. The main point of debate was the presence of Christ in the Eucharist.

Summary: First printing of Melanchthon's third and final textbook of dialectic.

Summary: First printing of Melanchthon's third and final textbook of dialectic.

An engraved headpiece to the first, seventh, and thirteenth books of Moyne's epic, "Saint Louys," depicting a pair of cherubim holding a crown of thorns above an interwoven pair of initials ("SL") which sit above a laurel crown and crossed palm fronds. Above the scene is a banner with the Latin motto, "est lauros palmasque Super" (It [Crown of thorns] is above laurels and palms).

An engraved headpiece to the first, seventh, and thirteenth books of Moyne's epic, "Saint Louys," depicting a pair of cherubim holding a crown of thorns above an interwoven pair of initials ("SL") which sit above a laurel crown and crossed palm fronds. Above the scene is a banner with the Latin motto, "est lauros palmasque Super" (It [Crown of thorns] is above laurels and palms).

Summary: First edition, first issue of an educational emblem book based on various aspects of nature and human nature with 100 engraved emblems by Jan Luiken (41 images) and Caspar Luiken (59 images). Each emblem is accompanied by a 10-line Latin verse in letterpress by the German engraver and publisher Johann Christoph Weigel.

Summary: First edition, first issue of an educational emblem book based on various aspects of nature and human nature with 100 engraved emblems by Jan Luiken (41 images) and Caspar Luiken (59 images). Each emblem is accompanied by a 10-line Latin verse in letterpress by the German engraver and publisher Johann Christoph Weigel.

Summary: Peter Canisius was a Dutch Jesuit working to restore the Catholic church in Germany during the Reformation. Matthias Flacius criticized Canisius's catechism, first published in 1555. In this tract, he specifically attacks the Jesuit's views on the expiation of sin and the justification in Christ.

Summary: Peter Canisius was a Dutch Jesuit working to restore the Catholic church in Germany during the Reformation. Matthias Flacius criticized Canisius's catechism, first published in 1555. In this tract, he specifically attacks the Jesuit's views on the expiation of sin and the justification in Christ.

An engraved portrait of Pope Eugene IV, who sat as pope from 1431-1447. The portrait shows Eugene IV wearing a simple miter with his coat of arms featured in the upper right corner. The portrait is labeled "EVGENIVS. IIII. PAPA. VENETVS".

An engraved portrait of Pope Eugene IV, who sat as pope from 1431-1447. The portrait shows Eugene IV wearing a simple miter with his coat of arms featured in the upper right corner. The portrait is labeled "EVGENIVS. IIII. PAPA. VENETVS".

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Summary: The participants in the Leipzig Disputation promised not to print their positions before the faculties of Paris and Louvain had issued their verdicts in the case. Both sides broke their promise. Melanchthon apparently got into print first, for this is Eck's reply to Melanchthon. This is the second printing of the work.

Summary: The participants in the Leipzig Disputation promised not to print their positions before the faculties of Paris and Louvain had issued their verdicts in the case. Both sides broke their promise. Melanchthon apparently got into print first, for this is Eck's reply to Melanchthon. This is the second printing of the work.

Summary: Johannes Brenz's commentary on Galatians, first published in 1546/47 and reprinted numerous times.

Summary: Johannes Brenz's commentary on Galatians, first published in 1546/47 and reprinted numerous times.

Summary: One of four volumes of a 1497 printing of Jerome's commentaries on the Old Testament. This particular volume comprises the prophetic books Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel as well as the 12 minor prophets. It is unique insofar as not all parts of the larger set were bound in the same order or based on the same divisions. It was that was once held by the library of Rebdorf monastery, which developed a renown humanist collection during the tenure of Kilian Leib as the monastery's prior.

Summary: One of four volumes of a 1497 printing of Jerome's commentaries on the Old Testament. This particular volume comprises the prophetic books Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel as well as the 12 minor prophets. It is unique insofar as not all parts of the larger set were bound in the same order or based on the same divisions. It was that was once held by the library of Rebdorf monastery, which developed a renown humanist collection during the tenure of Kilian Leib as the monastery's prior.

An engraving of the western facade of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.

An engraving of the western facade of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.

Summary: Fifth edition of Erasmus' Colloquies, a collection of dialogues on Latin conversation and good behavior first published in 1518 as an excercise book for Erasmus's students.

Summary: Fifth edition of Erasmus' Colloquies, a collection of dialogues on Latin conversation and good behavior first published in 1518 as an excercise book for Erasmus's students.

Summary: A chronological history of the world.

Summary: A chronological history of the world.